| 영문 | fetal alcohol syndrome | 한글 | 태아알코올증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 임신기간 중 만성적으로 알코올을 섭취한 여자에게서 태어난 영아에게 나타나는 형태발생의 이상을 나타내는 증후군으로서 위턱뼈발육부전, 앞머리와 아래턱의 돌출, 짧은검열, 작은안구증, 눈구석주름, 심한 성장지연, 정신지체 등을 나타낸다. |
||
| 영문 | Horner syndrome | 한글 | 호르너증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 교감신경경로의 장애로 생기는 병이다. 교감신경은 자율신경의 하나로 온몸에 분포를 한다. 특히 얼굴쪽에는 눈꺼플을 올리는 근육과 땀샘에 분포하고 있다. 이와 같은 교감신경의 작용으로 눈꺼풀을 정상적으로 올리고 얼굴에 땀이 나오게 된다. 그 외에도 눈의 빛의 양을 조절하는 홍채를 수축시키는 근육에 분포해서 그 작용으로 눈의 홍채가 수축하여 동공이 커지게 된다. 교감신경은 그 기원이 대뇌속에 존재하는 시상하부라는 곳이고 이곳에서 시작한 교감신경은 척수를 타고 내려와서 목부위에서 척수를 빠져나와서 교감신경을 줄기를 형성하여 다시 뇌로 가는 혈관을 따라서 얼굴쪽으로 가게된다. 만약 이 교감신경의 주행부위에 병변이 생기면 그쪽의 얼굴에 교감신경이 차단되므로 병터쪽의 눈의 눈꺼풀쳐짐, 축동 그리고 병변측 얼굴부의 땀이 나지 않는 것 등의 증상을 나타나게 된다. 이런 현상을 호르너증후군이라고 한다. 이것은 여러 가지 병에서 나타날 수가 있는데 뇌나 척수의 질환중에서 이 교감신경로를 압박하거나 침범하는 병에서 생길 수도 있으며, 또는 폐암이 척수에서 빠져나와 목부분에서 이룬 교감신경의 줄기를 누를 경우에도 생길 수도 있다. |
||
| 영문 | respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) | 한글 | 호흡곤란증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 폐포와 폐모세혈관 사이에 부종으로 인한 확산능 감소로 호흡곤란과 청색증을 보이는 상태로 감염, 수술, 외상 등 모든 종류의 스트레스상황에서 발생할 수 있다. 치료는 선행 요인의 교정과 적절한 혈액내 산소농도 유지이다. |
||
| 영문 | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 한글 | 후천면역결핍증후군, 에이즈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 인간면역결핍바이러스(HIV)에 의하여 면역 세포가 파괴됨으로써 인체의 면역능력이 극도로 저하되어 병원체에 대하여 무방비 상태에 이르는 병. 에이즈 바이러스의 감염으로 생기며, 1981년 미국에서 처음 보고되었다. 최초 감염으로부터 증상이 나타나기까지는 평균 10년 정도 걸리며 사망률이 대단히 높다. 성적 접촉, 오염 주사기 사용, 오염 혈액 및 혈액 제제 사용, 에이즈 산모로부터 수직감염 따위에 의하여 감염된다. 감염 후 일과성으로 감기와 같은 증상을 보이며 바이러스혈증으로 되지만 바이러스는 감소되고 6~8주 후에는 항체가 양성으로 된다. 6~10년 정도의 무증후성 보균기간을 지나서 에이즈관련증후군(AIDS related syndrome)으로 된다. 저항력의 감소, 림프절비대, 체중감소, 발열, 만성설사가 이어진다. 그 후 에이즈로 되며, 폐포자충폐렴 등의 원충병, 칸디다 등의 진균증, 헤르페스바이러스군 등의 기회감염이 이어진다. 또한 카포시육종, 림프종 등을 병발해서 사망한다. 바이러스의 뇌조직내 증식으로 치매를 일으킬 수도 있다. HIV-1은 10년간에 사망률이 90%, HIV-2는 10%이다. |
||
| CCS | Canadian Cardiovascular Society; casualty clearing station; cell cycle specific; cholecystosonograph... |
|---|---|
| CFS | cancer family syndrome; Chiari-Frommel syndrome; chronic fatigue syndrome; craniofacial stenosis; cr... |
| DDS | damaged disc syndrome; dendrodendritic synaptosome; dental distress syndrome; depressed DNA synthesi... |
| EDS | edema disease of swine; egg drop syndrome; Ehlers-Danlos syndrome; Emery-Dreifus syndrome; energy-di... |
| FS | factor of safety; Fanconi syndrome; Felty syndrome; fibromyalgia syndrome; field stimulation; Fisher... |
| impacted tooth | <dentistry> A tooth which is within the alveolus (the tooth socket within the alveolar bone of the jaw) and is prevented from erupting into its normal position. (27 Sep 1997) |
|---|---|
| incisor tooth | A tooth with a chisel-shaped crown and a single conical tapering root; there are four of these teeth in the anterior part of each jaw, in both the deciduous and the permanent dentitions. Synonym: dens incisivus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| temporary tooth | A tooth of the first set of teeth, comprising 20 in all, that erupts between the mean ages of 6 and 28 months of life. Synonym: dens deciduus, baby tooth, deciduous dentition, dens lacteus, first dentition, milk tooth, primary dentition, primary tooth, temporary tooth. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tip of tooth root | The tip of a tooth root, the part farthest from the incisal or occlusal side. Synonym: apex radicis dentis, root apex, root tip. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tooth | Pl> Teeth . [OE. Toth,tooth, AS. T; akin to OFries. Tth, OS. & D. Tand, OHG. Zang, zan, G. Zahn, Icel. Tnn, Sw. & Dan. Tand, Goth. Tumpus, Lith. Dantis, W. Dant, L. Dens, dentis, Gr, Skr. Danta; probably originally the p. Pr. Of the verb to eat. 239. Cf. Eat, Dandelion, Dent the tooth of a wheel, Dental, Dentist, Indent, Tine of a fork, Tusk. 1. <anatomy> One of the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates, and which usually aid in the prehension and mastication of food. The hard parts of teeth are principally made up of dentine, or ivory, and a very hard substance called enamel. These are variously combined in different animals. Each tooth consist of three parts, a crown, or body, projecting above the gum, one or more fangs imbedded in the jaw, and the neck, or intermediate part. In some animals one or more of the teeth are modified into tusks which project from the mouth, as in both sexes of the elephant and of the walrus, and in the male narwhal. In adult man there are thirty-two teeth, composed largely of dentine, but the crowns are covered with enamel, and the fangs with a layer of bone called cementum. Of the eight teeth on each half of each jaw, the two in front are incisors, then come one canine, cuspid, or dog tooth, two bicuspids, or false molars, and three molars, or grinding teeth. The milk, or temporary, teeth are only twenty in number, there being two incisors, one canine, and two molars on each half of each jaw. The last molars, or wisdom teeth, usually appear long after the others, and occasionally do not appear above the jaw at all. "How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is To have a thankless child !" (Shak) 2. Taste; palate. "These are not dishes for thy dainty tooth." (Dryden) 3. Any projection corresponding to the tooth of an animal, in shape, position, or office; as, the teeth, or cogs, of a cogwheel; a tooth, prong, or tine, of a fork; a tooth, or the teeth, of a rake, a saw, a file, a card. 4. A projecting member resembling a tenon, but fitting into a mortise that is only sunk, not pierced through. One of several steps, or offsets, in a tusk. See Tusk. 5., one of the appendages at the mouth of the capsule of a moss. See Peristome. 6. <zoology> Any hard calcareous or chitinous organ found in the mouth of various invertebrates and used in feeding or procuring food; as, the teeth of a mollusk or a starfish. In spite of the teeth, in defiance of opposition; in opposition to every effort. In the teeth, directly; in direct opposition; in front. "Nor strive with all the tempest in my teeth." . To cast in the teeth, to report reproachfully; to taunt or insult one with. Tooth and nail, as if by biting and scratching; with one's utmost power; by all possible means. "I shall fight tooth and nail for international copyright." . <medicine> Tooth coralline See Red-gum. To show the teeth, to threaten. "When the Law shows her teeth, but dares not bite." . To the teeth, in open opposition; directly to one's face. "That I shall live, and tell him to his teeth ." . Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| tooth abnormalities | Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the teeth. (12 Dec 1998) |
| tooth abrasion | The pathologic wearing away of the tooth substance by brushing, bruxism, clenching, and other mechanical causes. It is differentiated from tooth attrition in that this type of wearing away is the result of tooth-to-tooth contact, as in mastication, occurring only on the occlusal, incisal, and proximal surfaces. It differs also from tooth erosion, the progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes not involving bacterial action. (12 Dec 1998) |
| tooth abscess | A localised pus-forming bacteria infection adjacent to the tooth or root. Large tooth abscesses may require surgical drainage, root canal or a tooth extraction. See: apical abscess. (27 Sep 1997) |
| tooth apex | The tip or terminal end of the root of a tooth. (12 Dec 1998) |
| tooth arrangement | The placement of teeth on a denture base with definite objectives in mind. The setting of teeth on temporary bases. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tooth, artificial | A fabricated tooth substituting for a natural tooth in a prosthesis. It is usually made of porcelain or plastic. (12 Dec 1998) |
| tooth attrition | The wearing away of a tooth as a result of tooth-to-tooth contact, as in mastication, occurring only on the occlusal, incisal, and proximal surfaces. It is chiefly associated with aging. It is differentiated from tooth abrasion (the pathologic wearing away of the tooth substance by friction, as brushing, bruxism, clenching, and other mechanical causes) and from tooth erosion (the loss of substance caused by chemical action without bacterial action). (12 Dec 1998) |
| tooth avulsion | Partial or complete displacement of a tooth from its alveolar support. It is commonly the result of trauma. (12 Dec 1998) |
| tooth bleaching | The use of a chemical oxidizing agent (sometimes in combination with heat) to lighten tooth discolorations. (boucher's clinical dental terminology, 4th ed, p34) (12 Dec 1998) |
| tooth-borne | A term used to describe a prosthesis or part of a prosthesis which depends entirely upon the abutment teeth for support. (05 Mar 2000) |