| 영문 | Horner syndrome | 한글 | 호르너증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 교감신경경로의 장애로 생기는 병이다. 교감신경은 자율신경의 하나로 온몸에 분포를 한다. 특히 얼굴쪽에는 눈꺼플을 올리는 근육과 땀샘에 분포하고 있다. 이와 같은 교감신경의 작용으로 눈꺼풀을 정상적으로 올리고 얼굴에 땀이 나오게 된다. 그 외에도 눈의 빛의 양을 조절하는 홍채를 수축시키는 근육에 분포해서 그 작용으로 눈의 홍채가 수축하여 동공이 커지게 된다. 교감신경은 그 기원이 대뇌속에 존재하는 시상하부라는 곳이고 이곳에서 시작한 교감신경은 척수를 타고 내려와서 목부위에서 척수를 빠져나와서 교감신경을 줄기를 형성하여 다시 뇌로 가는 혈관을 따라서 얼굴쪽으로 가게된다. 만약 이 교감신경의 주행부위에 병변이 생기면 그쪽의 얼굴에 교감신경이 차단되므로 병터쪽의 눈의 눈꺼풀쳐짐, 축동 그리고 병변측 얼굴부의 땀이 나지 않는 것 등의 증상을 나타나게 된다. 이런 현상을 호르너증후군이라고 한다. 이것은 여러 가지 병에서 나타날 수가 있는데 뇌나 척수의 질환중에서 이 교감신경로를 압박하거나 침범하는 병에서 생길 수도 있으며, 또는 폐암이 척수에서 빠져나와 목부분에서 이룬 교감신경의 줄기를 누를 경우에도 생길 수도 있다. |
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| 영문 | respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) | 한글 | 호흡곤란증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 폐포와 폐모세혈관 사이에 부종으로 인한 확산능 감소로 호흡곤란과 청색증을 보이는 상태로 감염, 수술, 외상 등 모든 종류의 스트레스상황에서 발생할 수 있다. 치료는 선행 요인의 교정과 적절한 혈액내 산소농도 유지이다. |
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| 영문 | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 한글 | 후천면역결핍증후군, 에이즈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 인간면역결핍바이러스(HIV)에 의하여 면역 세포가 파괴됨으로써 인체의 면역능력이 극도로 저하되어 병원체에 대하여 무방비 상태에 이르는 병. 에이즈 바이러스의 감염으로 생기며, 1981년 미국에서 처음 보고되었다. 최초 감염으로부터 증상이 나타나기까지는 평균 10년 정도 걸리며 사망률이 대단히 높다. 성적 접촉, 오염 주사기 사용, 오염 혈액 및 혈액 제제 사용, 에이즈 산모로부터 수직감염 따위에 의하여 감염된다. 감염 후 일과성으로 감기와 같은 증상을 보이며 바이러스혈증으로 되지만 바이러스는 감소되고 6~8주 후에는 항체가 양성으로 된다. 6~10년 정도의 무증후성 보균기간을 지나서 에이즈관련증후군(AIDS related syndrome)으로 된다. 저항력의 감소, 림프절비대, 체중감소, 발열, 만성설사가 이어진다. 그 후 에이즈로 되며, 폐포자충폐렴 등의 원충병, 칸디다 등의 진균증, 헤르페스바이러스군 등의 기회감염이 이어진다. 또한 카포시육종, 림프종 등을 병발해서 사망한다. 바이러스의 뇌조직내 증식으로 치매를 일으킬 수도 있다. HIV-1은 10년간에 사망률이 90%, HIV-2는 10%이다. |
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| LVSV | left ventricular stroke volume |
|---|---|
| LVSW | left ventricular stroke work |
| LVSWI | left ventricular stroke work index |
| NINCDS | National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke |
| NINCDS/ADRDA | National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Rel... |
| anorectal syndrome | <syndrome> Soreness, burning, itching, or other irritation of the rectum together with redness about the anus, and sometimes accompanied by diarrhoea, occurring as a toxic effect of the oral administration of certain broad spectrum antibiotics. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| anterior chamber cleavage syndrome | <syndrome> A congenital disorder originating from faulty separation of embryonic structures; it results in bilateral central corneal opacities, with an anterior ring attachment of the iridic pupillary border and anterior polar cataracts; associated with short-limbed dwarfism; autosomal dominant inheritance. See: iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. Synonym: Peters' anomaly. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anterior compartment syndrome | <syndrome> Rapid swelling, increased tension, pain, and ischemic necrosis of the muscles of the anterior tibial compartment of the leg, often following excessive exertion. (12 Dec 1998) |
| anterior tibial compartment syndrome | <syndrome> Ischemic necrosis of the muscles of the anterior tibial compartment of the leg, presumed due to compression of arteries by swollen muscles following unaccustomed exertion. (05 Mar 2000) |
| antibody deficiency syndrome | <syndrome> Any of a group of disorders associated with a defective antibody production due to defects in the B-type lymphocyte system or in T-type lymphocytes; chief manifestation is an increased susceptibility to infection by various microorganisms. See: agammaglobulinaemia, hypogammaglobulinaemia, immunodeficiency. Synonym: antibody deficiency disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| antiphospholipid antibody syndrome | <syndrome> An immune disorder characterised by the presence of abnormal antibodies in the blood associated with certain medical conditions including abnormal blood clotting, migraine headaches, premature miscarriage, and low blood platelet counts (thrombocytopenia). (12 Dec 1998) |
| antiphospholipid syndrome | <immunology, syndrome> An uncommon disorder that is characterised by hypercoagulability due to the presence of antibodies against phospholipids. These patients exhibit a tendency for recurrent and life-threatening thrombosis and embolic events (for example stroke). Individuals with antiphospholipid syndrome also have an increased tendency toward deep venous thrombosis, myocardial infarction and spontaneous abortions in females. Antiphospholipid syndrome may be seen by itself or in association with other autoimmune illnesses (for example lupus) or with some infections. Treatment includes long-term heparin and warfarin. (13 Jan 1998) |
| Anton's syndrome | <syndrome> In cortical blindness, lack of awareness of being blind. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anxiety syndrome | <syndrome> The constellation of autonomic nervous system signs and symptoms accompanying the apprehension of danger and dread. See: anxiety. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aortic arch syndrome | <syndrome> Aortic arch syndrome, also referred to by many as vertebral-basilar artery disease, carotid artery occlusive syndrome and subclavian steal syndrome is characterised by a constellation of signs and symptoms which occur secondary to abnormalities in the major arteries which extend off of the aortic arch. These abnormalities are structural and most often secondary to the effects of atherosclerosis, blood clots, trauma or a congenital abnormality. Symptoms of this condition include various neurologic symptoms, reduction in pulse and changes in blood pressure. (27 Sep 1997) |
| apallic syndrome | Diffuse, bilateral cerebral cortical degeneration caused by head injury, anoxia, or encephalitis, a state of persistent unresponsiveness, such as akinetic mutism, caused by brain damage. See: vegetative. Synonym: apallic syndrome, apallic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Apert's syndrome | <paediatrics> A usually inherited disorder characterised by premature closing of the cranial suture lines resulting in a peaked shaped head and abnormal facial appearance. Since it is usually autosomal dominant one or both parents also have the disorder. Surgery is used to correct skull and facial abnormalities. Inheritance: autosomal dominant. (29 Dec 1997) |
| Apert syndrome | <syndrome> Apert (1906) defined a syndrome characterised by skull malformation (acrocephaly of brachysphenocephalic type) due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures and syndactyly of the hands and feet of a special type (complete distal fusion with a tendency to fusion also of the bony structures). The hand, when all the fingers are webbed, has been compared to a spoon and, when the thumb is free, to an obstetric hand. Two clinical categories are distinguished, a 'typical' acrocephalosyndactyly, to which Apert's name is appropriately applied and other forms lumped together as 'atypical' acrocephalosyndactyly. The feature distinguishing the two types is a middigital hand mass with a single nail common to digits 2-4, found in Apert syndrome and lacking in the others. A frequency of Apert syndrome of 1 in 160,000 births is estimated. Evidence suggests that Apert syndrome results from mutations in the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor-2. Progressive synostosis occurs in the feet, hands, carpus, tarsus, cervical vertebrae, and skull, and proposed 'progressive synosteosis with syndactyly' is possibly a more appropriate designation. Clinical features: flat facies, shallow orbits, hypertelorism, narrow palate, craniosynostosis, brachysphenocephalic acrocephaly, syndactyly, broad thumb, broad great toe, single nail digits 2-4, variable mental retardation, corpus callosum and/or limbic malformations, fused cervical vertebrae. A skull X-ray can confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is surgical. Inheritance: autosomal dominant, paternal age effect. (05 Aug 1998) |
| Argonz-Del Castillo syndrome | <syndrome> Unphysiological lactation and amenorrhoea not following pregnancy characterised by hyperprolactinaemia and a pituitary adenoma. Synonym: Argonz-Del Castillo syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Arndt-Gottron syndrome | Generalised lichen myxoedematosus with diffuse thickening of the skin underlying the papules. Synonym: Arndt-Gottron syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |