| 영문 | respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) | 한글 | 호흡곤란증후군 |
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| 설명 | 폐포와 폐모세혈관 사이에 부종으로 인한 확산능 감소로 호흡곤란과 청색증을 보이는 상태로 감염, 수술, 외상 등 모든 종류의 스트레스상황에서 발생할 수 있다. 치료는 선행 요인의 교정과 적절한 혈액내 산소농도 유지이다. |
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| 영문 | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 한글 | 후천면역결핍증후군, 에이즈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 인간면역결핍바이러스(HIV)에 의하여 면역 세포가 파괴됨으로써 인체의 면역능력이 극도로 저하되어 병원체에 대하여 무방비 상태에 이르는 병. 에이즈 바이러스의 감염으로 생기며, 1981년 미국에서 처음 보고되었다. 최초 감염으로부터 증상이 나타나기까지는 평균 10년 정도 걸리며 사망률이 대단히 높다. 성적 접촉, 오염 주사기 사용, 오염 혈액 및 혈액 제제 사용, 에이즈 산모로부터 수직감염 따위에 의하여 감염된다. 감염 후 일과성으로 감기와 같은 증상을 보이며 바이러스혈증으로 되지만 바이러스는 감소되고 6~8주 후에는 항체가 양성으로 된다. 6~10년 정도의 무증후성 보균기간을 지나서 에이즈관련증후군(AIDS related syndrome)으로 된다. 저항력의 감소, 림프절비대, 체중감소, 발열, 만성설사가 이어진다. 그 후 에이즈로 되며, 폐포자충폐렴 등의 원충병, 칸디다 등의 진균증, 헤르페스바이러스군 등의 기회감염이 이어진다. 또한 카포시육종, 림프종 등을 병발해서 사망한다. 바이러스의 뇌조직내 증식으로 치매를 일으킬 수도 있다. HIV-1은 10년간에 사망률이 90%, HIV-2는 10%이다. |
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| LCS | cerebrospinal fluid [Lat. liquor cerebrospinalis]; left coronary sinus; life care service; low const... |
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| LD | labor and delivery; laboratory data; labyrinthine defect; lactate dehydrogenase; laser Doppler; lear... |
| LILA | low impulsiveness, low anxiety |
| LVF | left ventricular failure; left ventricular function; left visual field; low-voltage fast; low-voltag... |
| WDHA Syndrome | Watery Diarrhea, Hypokalemia, Achlorhydria Syndrome = Pancreatic Cholera (Syndrome)<... |
| bone-salt | The main chemical compound in bone, deposited as minute amorphous crystals in a netlike matrix of collagenous fibres containing collagen; it closely resembles the naturally occurring fluorapatite 3Ca3(PO4)2-CaF2, but is probably a hydroxyapatite in which F is replaced by OH. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| brilliant green salt agar | A highly selective culture medium consisting of agar with peptone, lactose, sodium taurocholate, brilliant green, and picric acid solution used in the primary isolation of enteric pathogens such as Salmonella species. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Glauber's salt | Na2SO4-10H2O;an ingredient of many of the natural laxative waters, and also used as a hydragogue cathartic. Synonym: Glauber's salt. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Reinecke salt | An ammonium salt prepared by fusing ammonium thiocyanate with ammonium dichromate; dark red crystals; used in the detection and analysis of primary and secondary amines, including amino acids; also used as a reagent for mercury. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pepper and salt fundus | Ophthalmoscopic appearance of the fundus caused by choriocapillaris atrophy and pigment proliferation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Riviere's salt | <chemical> A systemic alkaliser, electrolyte replenisher, diuretic, and expectorant, usually administered orally. It is sometimes used in veterinary medicine as a nonirritating diuretic. Pharmacological action: diuretics, expectorants. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Rochelle salt | KNaC4H4O6;a mild saline cathartic, used as an ingredient in compound effervescent powders. Synonym: Rochelle salt, Seignette's salt, sodium potassium tartrate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| monsel's salt | <medicine> A basic sulphate of iron; so named from Monsel, a Frenchman. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| common salt | <chemical> Table salt, NaCL. (09 Oct 1997) |
| hair-salt | <chemical> A variety of native Epsom salt occurring in silky fibres. Origin: A translation of G. Haarsalz. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| salt | 1. To sprinkle, impregnate, or season with salt; to preserve with salt or in brine; to supply with salt; as, to salt fish, beef, or pork; to salt cattle. 2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, for the preservation of the timber. To salt a mine, to artfully deposit minerals in a mine in order to deceive purchasers regarding its value. To salt away, To salt down, to prepare with, or pack in, salt for preserving, as meat, eggs, etc.; hence, colloquially, to save, lay up, or invest sagely, as money. Origin: Salted; Salting. 1. The chloride of sodium, a substance used for seasoning food, for the preservation of meat, etc. It is found native in the earth, and is also produced, by evaporation and crystallization, from sea water and other water impregnated with saline particles. 2. Hence, flavor; taste; savor; smack; seasoning. "Though we are justices and doctors and churchmen . . . We have some salt of our youth in us." (Shak) 3. Hence, also, piquancy; wit; sense; as, Attic salt. 4. A dish for salt at table; a saltcellar. "I out and bought some things; among others, a dozen of silver salts." (Pepys) 5. A sailor; usually qualified by old. "Around the door are generally to be seen, laughing and gossiping, clusters of old salts." (Hawthorne) 6. <chemistry> The neutral compound formed by the union of an acid base; thus, sulphuric acid and iron form the salt sulphate of iron or green vitriol. Except in case of ammonium salts, accurately speaking, it is the acid radical which unites with the base or basic radical, with the elimination of hydrogen, of water, or of analogous compounds as side products. In the case of diacid and triacid bases, and of dibasic and tribasic acids, the mutual neutralization may vary in degree, producing respectively basic, neutral, or acid salts See Phrases below. 7. That which preserves from corruption or error; that which purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an allowance or deduction; as, his statements must be taken with a grain of salt. "Ye are the salt of the earth." (Matt. V. 13) 8. Any mineral salt used as an aperient or cathartic, especially Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or Glauber's salt. 9. Marches flooded by the tide. Above the salt, Below the salt, phrases which have survived the old custom, in the houses of people of rank, of placing a large saltcellar near the middle of a long table, the places above which were assigned to the guests of distinction, and those below to dependents, inferiors, and poor relations. See Saltfoot. "His fashion is not to take knowledge of him that is beneath him in clothes. He never drinks below the salt." (B. <medicine> Jonson) Acid salt, a salt analogous to an oxy salt, but containing sulphur in place of oxygen. Origin: AS. Sealt; akin to OS. & OFries. Salt, D. Zout, G. Salz, Icel, Sw, & Dan. Salt, L. Sal, Gr, Russ. Sole, Ir. & Gael. Salann, W. Halen, of unknown origin. Cf. Sal, Salad, Salary, Saline, Sauce, Sausage. 1. Of or relating to salt; abounding in, or containing, salt; prepared or preserved with, or tasting of, salt; salted; as, salt beef; salt water. "Salt tears." 2. Overflowed with, or growing in, salt water; as, a salt marsh; salt grass. 3. Bitter; sharp; pungent. "I have a salt and sorry rheum offends me." (Shak) 4. Salacious; lecherous; lustful. <chemistry> Salt acid, an American bombycid moth (Spilosoma acreae which is very destructive to the salt-marsh grasses and to other crops. Called also wooly bear. <botany> Salt-marsh fleabane, a small leguminous tree (Halimodendron argenteum) growing in the salt plains of the Caspian region and in Siberia. Salt water, water impregnated with salt, as that of the ocean and of certain seas and lakes; sometimes, also tears. "Mine eyes are full of tears, I can not see; And yet salt water blinds them not so much But they can see a sort of traitors here." (Shak) Salt-water sailor, an ocean mariner. Salt-water tailor. <zoology> See Bluefish. Origin: AS. Sealt, salt. See Salt. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| salt action | Any physicochemical effect produced by hypertonic concentrations of osmotically active electrolytes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| salt bridge | <chemistry> A U-tube containing an electrolyte that connects the two compartments of a voltaic cell, allowing ion flow without extensive mixing of the different solutions. (09 Jan 1998) |
| salt depletion | Excessive loss of sodium chloride from the body in urine, sweat, etc.; a cause of secondary dehydration. Synonym: chloride depletion. Water depletion, reduction in the total volume of body water; dehydration. (05 Mar 2000) |
| salt-depletion crisis | Severe illness resulting from loss of sodium chloride, usually in urine (i.e., salt-losing nephritis), in sweat following severe exercise in hot weather, or in intestinal secretions, as in cholera. Can occur as result of Addison's disease or Addisonian crisis; characterised by hypovolaemia, hypotension. (05 Mar 2000) |