| receptors, gastrointestinal hormone | Cell surface proteins that bind gastrointestinal hormones with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behaviour of cells. most gastrointestinal hormones also act as neurotransmitters so these receptors are also present in the central and peripheral nervous systems. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| receptors, pancreatic hormone | Cell surface proteins that bind pancreatic hormones with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behaviour of cells. These include receptors for glucagon (secreted by alpha cells), insulin (secreted by beta cells), somatostatin (secreted by delta cells), and pancreatic peptide (secreted by pp cells). Some of these hormones and receptors also support neurotransmission. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, parathyroid hormone | Cell surface proteins that bind parathyroid hormone with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behaviour of cells. Parathyroid hormone receptors on bone, kidney, and gastrointestinal cells mediate the hormone's role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, pituitary hormone | Cell surface proteins that bind pituitary hormones with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behaviour of cells. Since many pituitary hormones are also released by neurons as neurotransmitters, these receptors are also found in the nervous system. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, thyroid hormone | Proteins, usually found in the nucleus, that specifically bind thyroid hormones and regulate DNA transcription. These proteins, termed c-erba, are activated by hormones and cause differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells which irreversibly lose proliferative potential. Thus c-erba proteins act as growth suppressors. The c-erba proteins are encoded by at least two genes, c-erba alpha and c-erba beta. Each of these has two isoforms. Mutations in the ligand-binding domain of the beta form causes thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, thyrotropin-releasing hormone | Cell surface receptors that bind thyrotropin releasing hormone (trh) with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behaviour of cells. Activated trh receptors in the anterior pituitary stimulate the release of thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone, tsh). Trh receptors on neurons mediate neurotransmission by trh. (12 Dec 1998) |
| parathyroid hormone | <hormone> A peptide hormone of 84 amino acids (9402 D). Stimulates osteoclasts to increase blood calcium levels, the opposite effect to calcitonin. (18 Nov 1997) |
| releasing hormone | Hormones produced by the hypothalamus whichstimulate the release of other hormones in the pituitary gland. (09 Oct 1997) |
| glycoprotein hormone-specific N-acetylgalactosamine transferase | <enzyme> Transfers galnac to the terminal glcnac moieties of glcnac2man3glcnac2asn Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- Synonym: ghs-acgalnh2 transferase, glycoprotein hormone galnac transferase, glycoprotein hormone - n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (26 Jun 1999) |
| melanocyte-stimulating hormone | <endocrinology> A releasing hormone produced in the mammalian hypophysis and related structures in lower vertebrates. Made up of _ MSH (1665D), the same as amino acids 1-13 of ACTH and _ MSH (18 amino acids, 22 in humans). Causes darkening of the skin by expansion of the melanophores but its role in mammals is unclear. Synonym: melanotropin. Acronym: MSH (22 Sep 2002) |
| melanotropin release-inhibiting hormone | Inhibits synthesis and release of melanotropin. Synonym: melanotropin release-inhibiting hormone. Origin: melanotropin + G. States, stationary, + -in (05 Mar 2000) |
| melanotropin-releasing hormone | A hexapeptide similar to oxytocin; it stimulates the release of melanotropin. Synonym: melanotropin-releasing factor, melanotropin-releasing hormone. Origin: melanotropin + L. Libero, to free, + -in (05 Mar 2000) |
| peptide hormone inactivating endopeptidase | <enzyme> From xenopus laevis; cleaves at xaa-phe, xaa-leu or xaa-ile bonds where xaa = ser, phe, tyr, his or gly in peptide hormones Registry number: EC 3.4.24.- Synonym: phie, xenopus (26 Jun 1999) |
| gonadotrophin-releasing hormone | <hormone> The peptide hormone that control reproductive function. It produced and released by the hypothalamus and controls the production and release of gonadotrophins from the pituitary gland. It causes the production of luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. Synonym: gonadotropin-releasing factor, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing factor, gonadoliberin. Origin: Gonad + L. Libero, to free, + -in (19 Sep 2002) |
| gonadotropic hormone | <endocrinology, hormone> A hormone capable of promoting gonadal growth and function. The effects are usually limited to discrete functions or histological components of a gonad, such as stimulation of follicular growth or of androgen formation. Most gonadotrophin's exert their effects in both sexes, although the effect of a given gonadotrophin will differ in males and females. Synonym: gonadotropin, gonadotropic hormone. Origin: for gonadotrophin, fr. Gonad + G. Trophe, nourishment (12 Sep 2002) |