| gamma globulin | <immunology> A non-specific immunoglobulin (antibody) administered for the purpose of passive immunity. A common example is hepatitis A prophylaxis. (27 Sep 1997) |
|---|---|
| gamma-globulins | Serum globulins that migrate in the gamma region on electrophoresis. At one time, gamma-globulins came to be used as a synonym for immunoglobulins since most immunoglobulins are gamma globulins. But since some immunoglobulins exhibit an alpha or beta electrophoretic mobility, that usage is in decline. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gamma-glutamyl carboxylase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of gamma-carboxyglutamyl residues in many proteins, several appearing in the blood clotting cascade. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gamma-glutamyl cycle | A proposed pathway for the glutathione-dependent transport of certain amino acids (most notably l-cystine, l-methionine, and l-glutamine) and dipeptides into certain cells; this cycle requires the formation of gamma-glutamyl amino acids and gamma-glutamyl dipeptides as well as a protein for the translocation of these di-and triisopeptides into the cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of pyroglutamate from a gamma-glutamyl-amino acid, also releasing the free amino acid. The enzyme acts on derivatives of glutamate, 2-aminobutyrate, alanine and glycine. The enzyme has been proposed to have a role in a gamma-glutamyl cycle for amino acid transport into cells in the intestines. Chemical name: (5-L-Glutamyl)-L-amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase (cyclizing) Registry number: EC 2.3.2.4 (12 Dec 1998) |
| gamma-glutamylcysteine | A necessary precursor in the biosynthesis of glutathione; contains an isopeptide rather than a eupeptide bond. Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, an enzyme that catalyses the first step in glutathione biosynthesis, reacting l-glutamate, l-cysteine, and ATP to form gamma-glutamylcysteine, ADP, and orthophosphate; inhibited by thiols such as glutathione. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gamma-glutamyl dipeptidase | <enzyme> Removes glycine from leukotriene d4 to form leukotriene e4 Registry number: EC 3.4.13.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| gamma-glutamylhistamine synthetase | <enzyme> Incorporates histamine or other amines into peptide linkage with glutamate; from aplysia ganglia Registry number: EC 6.3.2.- Synonym: gamma-gha synthetase, gamma-glutamyl amine synthetase, gamma-glutamyl octopamine synthetase, gamma-glutamyl tyramine synthetase (26 Jun 1999) |
| gamma-glutamyl hydrolase | N-Pteroyl-l-glutamate hydrolase;an enzyme cleaving l-glutamyl residues from pteridine oligoglutamates; used in certain antitumour treatments. Synonym: carboxypeptidase G, conjugase, gamma-glutamate (glutamate gamma-) carboxypeptidase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gamma-glutamyltransferase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses reversibly the transfer of a glutamyl group from a glutamyl-peptide and an amino acid to a peptide and a glutamyl-amino acid. It is often elevated above normal in hepatitis and other conditions that cause chemical liver damage. Chemical name: (5-L-Glutamyl)-peptide:amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase Registry number: EC 2.3.2.2 Acronym: GGT (12 Sep 2002) |
| gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses reversibly the transfer of a glutamyl group from a glutamyl-peptide and an amino acid to a peptide and a glutamyl-amino acid. It is often elevated above normal in hepatitis and other conditions that cause chemical liver damage. Chemical name: (5-L-Glutamyl)-peptide:amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase Registry number: EC 2.3.2.2 Acronym: GGT (12 Sep 2002) |
| gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase | <enzyme> Nad and gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde yields gamma-guanidinibutyrate and NADH Registry number: EC 1.2.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| gamma-iodopropyleneglycol | An organic form of iodine which slowly liberates iodine in the body after oral administration. Used primarily as an expectorant/mucolytic. Synonym: 3-iodo-1,2-propanediol, gamma-iodopropyleneglycol. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gamma knife | <radiobiology> A special multi-source irradiation machine which focus a high intesity of irradiation on a small area: it is used as local therapy in especially brain tumours. This is investigational and is not part of the routine array of cancer treatments. (16 Dec 1997) |
| gamma-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine | <biochemistry> The tripeptide _ glutamylcysteinylglycine. It contains an unusual peptide linkage between the _ carboxyl group of the glutamate side chain and the amine group of cysteine. The concentration of glutathione in animal cells is _5mM and its sulphydryl group is kept largely in the reduced state. This allows it to act as a sulphydryl buffer, reducing any disulphide bonds formed within cytoplasmic proteins to cysteines. Hence, few, if any, cytoplasmic proteins contain disulphide bonds. Glutathione is also important as a cofactor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, in the uptake of amino acids and participates in leucotriene synthesis. (18 Nov 1997) |