| sarcoma, endometrial stromal | A highly malignant neoplasm of the endometrium, arising from the endometrial stroma. It represents one type of stromal tumour, the other being endolymphatic stromal myosis. They are differentiated on the basis of the number of mitoses per 10 high power fields: endometrial stromal sarcoma has 10 or more mitoses, endolymphatic stromal myosis fewer. Stroma sarcoma is seen most often between the ages of 45 and 50. (devita jr et al., cancer: principles & practice of oncology, 3d ed, p1146) (12 Dec 1998) |
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| sarcoma, ewing's | A malignant tumour of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. There are conspicuous foci of necrosis in association with irregular masses of small, regular, rounded or ovoid cells with very scanty cytoplasm. The tumour occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females. (12 Dec 1998) |
| sarcoma growth factor | <growth factor> Polypeptide released by sarcoma cells that promotes the growth of cells by binding to a cell surface receptor, the sarcoma cell is therefore self sufficient and independent of normal growth control. See: growth factors. The name is no longer commonly used. (18 Nov 1997) |
| sarcoma, kaposi | A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterised by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumours have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in jewish and italian males in europe and the united states. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in aids patients. Hhv-8 is the suspected cause. (12 Dec 1998) |
| sarcoma, small cell | A sarcoma characterised by the presence of small cells, cells measuring 9-14 micrometers with a faint or indistinct rim of cytoplasm and an oval-to-elongated nucleus with relatively dense chromatin. (12 Dec 1998) |
| sarcoma, synovial | A malignant neoplasm arising from tenosynovial tissue of the joints and in synovial cells of tendons and bursae. The legs are the most common site, but the tumour can occur in the abdominal wall and other trunk muscles. There are two recognised types: the monophasic (characterised by sheaths of monotonous spindle cells) and the biphasic (characterised by slit-like spaces or clefts within the tumour, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelial cells). These sarcomas occur most commonly in the second and fourth decades of life. (12 Dec 1998) |
| sarcoma virus | <virology> Virus that causes tumours originating from cells of connective tissue such as fibroblasts. See: Rous sarcoma virus, src. (18 Nov 1997) |
| sarcoma viruses, avian | Species of avian type c retroviruses (retroviruses type c, avian) producing sarcomata and other tumours in chickens and other fowl and also in pigeons, ducks, and rats. (12 Dec 1998) |
| sarcoma viruses, murine | Species of replication-defective mammalian type c retroviruses (retroviruses type c, mammalian) which are capable of transforming cells, but which replicate and produce tumours only in the presence of murine leukaemia viruses (leukaemia viruses, murine). (12 Dec 1998) |
| sarcoma viruses, simian | Species of mammalian type c retroviruses (retroviruses type c, mammalian) producing tumours in primates. Originally isolated from a fibrosarcoma in a woolly monkey, ssv is a replication-defective v-onc virus which carries the sis oncogene. In order to propagate, ssv requires a replication-competent helper virus, simian sarcoma virus-associated virus (ssav). (12 Dec 1998) |
| herpes virus, kaposi sarcoma-associated | Species of an unnamed genus, subfamily gammaherpesvirinae, isolated from patients with aids-related and "classical" kaposi sarcoma. The sequences suggest this is a new human herpes virus, unofficially identified as human herpes virus-8 (hhv-8). (12 Dec 1998) |
| pulmonary artery sarcoma | <radiology> Rare, age: 21 - 80 (most common: 45 - 55), usual presentation: hilar mass or hilar infiltrative lesion, other findings: decreased vascular markings, atelectasis / volume loss, metastatic nodules, decreased or absent perfusion on V/Q, intravascular soft-tissue mass on CT (12 Dec 1998) |
| soft tissue sarcoma | A sarcoma that begins in the muscle, fat, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, or other supporting tissue of the body. Not a type of bone cancer. (12 Dec 1998) |
| spindle cell sarcoma | <tumour> A malignant neoplasm, believed to be of mesenchymal origin, composed of elongated, spindle-shaped cells. Synonym: fascicular sarcoma. (05 Mar 2000) |
| synovial sarcoma | <radiology> Soft-tissue mass, usually about 1 cm from joint, amorphous calcifications (33%), most common at knee, bone erosion (wide zone of transition), juxta-articular osteoporosis Cf: pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVS) (12 Dec 1998) |