| 영문 | respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) | 한글 | 호흡곤란증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 폐포와 폐모세혈관 사이에 부종으로 인한 확산능 감소로 호흡곤란과 청색증을 보이는 상태로 감염, 수술, 외상 등 모든 종류의 스트레스상황에서 발생할 수 있다. 치료는 선행 요인의 교정과 적절한 혈액내 산소농도 유지이다. |
||
| 영문 | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 한글 | 후천면역결핍증후군, 에이즈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 인간면역결핍바이러스(HIV)에 의하여 면역 세포가 파괴됨으로써 인체의 면역능력이 극도로 저하되어 병원체에 대하여 무방비 상태에 이르는 병. 에이즈 바이러스의 감염으로 생기며, 1981년 미국에서 처음 보고되었다. 최초 감염으로부터 증상이 나타나기까지는 평균 10년 정도 걸리며 사망률이 대단히 높다. 성적 접촉, 오염 주사기 사용, 오염 혈액 및 혈액 제제 사용, 에이즈 산모로부터 수직감염 따위에 의하여 감염된다. 감염 후 일과성으로 감기와 같은 증상을 보이며 바이러스혈증으로 되지만 바이러스는 감소되고 6~8주 후에는 항체가 양성으로 된다. 6~10년 정도의 무증후성 보균기간을 지나서 에이즈관련증후군(AIDS related syndrome)으로 된다. 저항력의 감소, 림프절비대, 체중감소, 발열, 만성설사가 이어진다. 그 후 에이즈로 되며, 폐포자충폐렴 등의 원충병, 칸디다 등의 진균증, 헤르페스바이러스군 등의 기회감염이 이어진다. 또한 카포시육종, 림프종 등을 병발해서 사망한다. 바이러스의 뇌조직내 증식으로 치매를 일으킬 수도 있다. HIV-1은 10년간에 사망률이 90%, HIV-2는 10%이다. |
||
| ccDNA | closed circle deoxyribonucleic acid |
|---|---|
| CCTV | closed circuit television |
| CFI | chemotactic-factor inactivator; closed-clenched fist injury; color flow imaging; complement fixation... |
| CRPF | chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum; closed reduction and percutaneous fixation; contralater... |
| CT | calcitonin; calf testis; cardiac tamponade; cardiothoracic [ratio]; carotid tracing; carpal tunnel; ... |
| head injury | Refers to a group of head injuries ranging from minor to major. Examples include scalp contusion, scalp haematoma, concussion, brain contusion, skull fracture, epidural haematoma, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage and subdural haematoma. Features shared by all head injuries (serious and nonserious) include: dizziness, nausea, vomiting, giddiness, sleepiness and headache. More serious features include: protracted vomiting, lethargy, difficulty waking up, loss of consciousness, seizure, confusion, change in mentation or coma. (27 Sep 1997) |
|---|---|
| head kidney | 1. The definitive excretory organ of primitive fishes. Synonym: head kidney. 2. In the embryos of higher vertebrates, a vestigial structure consisting of a series of tortuous tubules emptying into the cloaca by way of the primary nephric duct; in the human embryo, the pronephros is a very rudimentary and temporary structure, followed by the mesonephros and still later by the metanephros. Synonym: forekidney, primordial kidney. Origin: pro-+ G. Nephros, kidney (05 Mar 2000) |
| head lice | Small parasitic insects that can cause a itching red rash to the skin of the waist, shoulders, armpits, neck and pubic area. Commonly spread from person-to-person via close contact. The eggs (nits) of head lice can be mistaken for dandruff, but they are adherent to the hair shafts. Symptoms include itching, eggs visible on hair shafts and lice on hair, scalp or clothing. Treatment requires the use of a special prescription insecticide (Kwell) shampoo and/or lotion. (27 Sep 1997) |
| head mirror | A circular concave mirror attached to a head band, used to project a beam of light into a cavity, such as the nose or larynx, for purposes of examination and permitting binocular vision. (05 Mar 2000) |
| head movements | Voluntary or involuntary motion of head that may be relative to or independent of body; includes animals and humans. (12 Dec 1998) |
| head-nodding | Head movements associated with congenital nystagmus, spasmus nutans, and miner's nystagmus. Synonym: head tremors. (05 Mar 2000) |
| head nurse | A nurse administratively responsible for a designated hospital unit on a 24 hour basis. Synonym: charge nurse. (05 Mar 2000) |
| head of epididymis | The upper and larger extremity of the epididymis. Synonym: caput epididymidis, caput epididymis, globus major. (05 Mar 2000) |
| head of femur | The hemispheric articular surface at the upper extremity of the thigh bone. Synonym: caput ossis femoris, caput femoris, head of thigh bone. (05 Mar 2000) |
| head of fibula | The superior extremity of the fibula, which articulates by a facet with the undersurface of the lateral condyle of the tibia. Synonym: caput fibulae, upper extremity of fibula. (05 Mar 2000) |
| head of humerus | The upper rounded extremity fitting into the glenoid cavity of the scapula. Synonym: caput humeri. (05 Mar 2000) |
| head of malleus | The rounded portion of the malleus articulating with the body of the incus. Synonym: caput mallei. (05 Mar 2000) |
| head of mandible | The expanded articular portion of the condylar process of the mandible. Synonym: caput mandibulae. (05 Mar 2000) |
| head of metacarpal bone | The expanded distal end of a metacarpal that articulates with the proximal phalanx of the same digit. Synonym: caput ossis metacarpalis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| head of metatarsal bone | The expanded distal end of a metatarsal bone that articulates with the proximal phalanx of the same digit. Synonym: caput ossis metatarsalis. (05 Mar 2000) |