| CCH | C-cell hyperplasia; chronic chloride hemagglutination; chronic cholestatic hepatitis |
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| CCS | Canadian Cardiovascular Society; casualty clearing station; cell cycle specific; cholecystosonograph... |
| CDD | certificate of disability for discharge; choledochoduodenostomy; chronic degenerative disease; chron... |
| CEP | chronic eosinophilic pneumonia; chronic erythropoietic porphyria; congenital erythropoietic porphyri... |
| CH | case history; Chediak-Higashi [syndrome]; chiasma; Chinese hamster; chloral hydrate; cholesterol; Ch... |
| focal nodular hyperplasia | <radiology> Focal nodules of normal hepatocytes, Kuppfer cells and bile ducts, F more than M, rare, benign, multiple in 20%, haemorrhage (most common complication) in only 2-3% (unlike hepatic adenoma), stellate fibrous septae (stellate scar), NM: normal or increased uptake on HIDA and sulfur colloid (12 Dec 1998) |
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| focal point | Location of an organism, for fish, usually the position of the snout. Habitat measurements made at that position (depth, water velocity, etc.) are focal point measurements. (09 Oct 1997) |
| focal reaction | A reaction which occurs at the point of entrance of an infecting organism or of an injection, as in the Arthus phenomenon. Synonym: local reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| focal sclerosis | <neurology> Neurodegenerative disease characterised by the gradual accumulation of focal plaques of demyelination particularly in the periventricular areas of the brain. Peripheral nerves are not affected. Onset usually in 3rd or 4th decade with intermittent progression over an extended period. Cause still uncertain. (18 Nov 1997) |
| focal sclerosis with hyalinosis | <nephrology> A kidney disorder that results in fibrosis and scarring in the kidney glomerulus. The cause is unknown but some cases can result from reflux nephropathy. The clinical manifestation of this kidney disorder is nephrotic syndrome. Symptoms include weight gain, swelling, hypertension and foamy urine. High blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels are also seen with this disorder. Treatment has included the use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressives. Antihypertensive agents and diuretics may also be necessary. Over one-half will develop chronic renal failure within 10 years of diagnosis. (27 Sep 1997) |
| focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | <nephrology> A kidney disorder that results in fibrosis and scarring in the kidney glomerulus. The cause is unknown but some cases can result from reflux nephropathy. The clinical manifestation of this kidney disorder is nephrotic syndrome. Symptoms include weight gain, swelling, hypertension and foamy urine. High blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels are also seen with this disorder. Treatment has included the use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressives. Antihypertensive agents and diuretics may also be necessary. Over one-half will develop chronic renal failure within 10 years of diagnosis. (27 Sep 1997) |
| focal seizure | <neurology> A brief temporary alteration in movement, sensation or autonomic nerve function caused by abnormal electrical activity in a localised area of the brain. Focal seizures (i.e. Partial or Jacksonian seizures) usually cause no change in awareness or alertness. An example of a focal (partial) seizure would be rhythmic muscle contractions in one area of the body: lip smacking, mouth movements, drooling, head turning, eye movements or seemingly purposeful movements (for example picking at clothes). Other presentations may be strictly sensory with abnormal numbness, tingling or a crawling sensation to the skin. More unusual symptoms include changes in speech, thought, personality, mood, sensation of deja vu or hallucinations. (05 Jan 1998) |
| focal spot | The site of bombardment by electrons and emission of X-rays from the anode of an X-ray tube. See: focal spot size. (05 Mar 2000) |
| focal spot size | The measured size of a focal spot, a function of its actual size and the angulation of the anode surface. See: focal spot. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anaemia of chronic disease | <disease> A form of anaemia which develops as the result of a long-term infection or illness. Chronic diseases can interfere with red blood cell production in addition to shortening red blood cell life span in the body. Symptoms are largely due to the underlying disease. Haemoglobin and haematocrit are generally low. Iron studies may be low to normal. Red blood cell indices may usually normal. (27 Sep 1997) |
| benign familial chronic pemphigus | Recurrent eruption of vesicles and bullae that become scaling and crusted lesions with vesicular borders, predominantly of the neck, groin, and axillary regions; autosomal dominant inheritance, presenting in late adolescence or early adult life. Synonym: Hailey-Hailey disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| candidiasis, chronic mucocutaneous | A clinical syndrome characterised by development, usually in infancy or childhood, of a chronic, often widespread candidiasis of skin, nails, and mucous membranes. It may be secondary to one of the immunodeficiency syndromes, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, or associated with defects in cell-mediated immunity, endocrine disorders, dental stomatitis, or malignancy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| granulomatous disease, chronic | A recessive x-linked defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| persistent chronic hepatitis | A benign chronic hepatitis that may follow acute viral hepatitis A or B, or complicate bowel diseases; after six months, liver biopsy changes are mild, unlike active chronic hepatitis; rarely, if ever, progresses to cirrhosis, portal hypertension, or liver failure. (05 Mar 2000) |
| chronic | Persisting over a long period of time. Origin: L. Chronicus, Gr. Chronos = time (18 Nov 1997) |