| 영문 | tuberculin test | 한글 | 튜베르쿨린검사 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 많은 서로 다른 형태의 튜베르쿨린과 다양한 투여방법에 의한 모든 종류의 결핵 피부검사법. 현재 표준 시험법으로 되어있는 가장 신빙성있는 검사로는 PPD를 피내주사하는 방법망토우 검사이다. 피내주사후 48~72시간 후에 주사부위에 직경 10mm이상으로 보이며, 만져지는 홍반과 경화가 나타나면 양성이다. 성인에게는 일반적으로 중간 강도의 튜베르쿨린(5Tu)을 사용하며, 양성반응이 나타나면 결핵균에 이전에 감염되었거나 현재 감염되어 있다는 확정적 진단이 된다. 음성반응은 결핵이 없거나, 심한 결핵감염에 의한 피부알레르기가 있을 경우, 또는 면역억제를 나타내는 병, 예를 들면 호지킨병이나 사르코이드증 등이 합병된 경우이다. |
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| 영문 | Papanicolaou smear(test) | 한글 | 파파니콜로 도말검사 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 줄여서 팝도말검사(Pap smear)이라고 부른다. 여성의 자궁목암의 발생을 미리 알아보기 위해 시행하는 검사법으로 미국에서는 이 방법으로 현재 자궁목암발생에 의한 사망률을 현저히 낮추고 있다. 방법은 산부인과에서 시행하며, 여성의 자궁목에서 세포를 가져다가 도말하여 현미경으로 검사한다. 요즈음에 와서는 자궁목뿐 아니라 호흡기나 비뇨기 등 분비물을 도말하여 파파니콜로 염색을 하여 검사하는 것도 여기에 포함된다. (그림 P-3). |
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| 영문 | glucose tolerance test | 한글 | 포도당견딤검사 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 포도당견딤 검사란 당뇨병의 진단에 사용되는 검사로 당을 체내에 투여하고 시간 별로 혈액을 채취하여 혈당의 농도를 재어서 고혈당 여부를 조사하는 검사이다. 주로 경구포도당견딤검사(oral glucose tolerance test)를 많이 하는데 이것은 10~16시간의 금식 후에 채혈을 한번 한뒤에 도당 75g을 250~300mL의 물에 녹여 5분에 걸쳐서 마시게 하고 매시간 별로 채혈을 하여 혈당의 농도를 첵크한다. 공복시에 정맥에서 채혈하여 측정한 혈당이 140mg/dL이상이거나 포도당견딤 검사 2시간후의 혈당이 200mg/dL이상일 경우에는 당뇨병으로 진단을 한다. 그러나 이 검사를 실시할 경우에 주의해야 할 점은 검사전 3일간 하루에 150g이상의 탄수화물을 섭취해야 한다는 것과 검사도중에 운동, 흡연 등을 하지 않아야 한다는 것이다. |
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| 영문 | blood test | 한글 | 혈액검사 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액형이나 질병 유무 따위를 알기 위하여 피를 뽑아 행하는 검사. 몸 전체의 장기나 조직에 병터가 있으면 이들 성분에 변화가 있게 되어 진단에 큰 도움을 준다. |
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| SRT | sedimentation rate test; simple reaction time; sinus node recovery time; sitting root test; speech r... |
|---|---|
| ST | esotropia; scala tympani; scaphotrapezoid; sclerotherapy; sedimentation time; semitendinosus; sensor... |
| IST | inappropriate sinus tachycardia; insulin sensitivity test; insulin shock therapy; International Soci... |
| TS | Takayasu syndrome; Tay-Sachs; temperature sensitivity; temperature, skin; temporal stem; tensile str... |
| CD | cadaver donor; canine distemper; canine dose; carbohydrate dehydratase; carbon dioxide; cardiac dise... |
| hepatitis, chronic, drug-induced | An inflammatory disease of the liver, lasting six months or more, and caused by an adverse drug effect. The adverse effect may result from a direct toxic effect of a drug or metabolite, or an idiosyncratic response to a drug or metabolite. The clinical and histological changes can mimic viral or autoimmune hepatitis. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| scheduled drug | A drug assigned to any of the five schedules in the Controlled Substances Act (1970). See: controlled substance. (05 Mar 2000) |
| psychedelic drug | <pharmacology> A class of medications (for example LSD, marijuana, peyote, heroin, cocaine) that result in a distorted perception of reality. Often accompanied by hallucinations. (27 Sep 1997) |
| psychodysleptic drug | <pharmacology> A class of medications (for example LSD, marijuana, peyote, heroin, cocaine) that result in a distorted perception of reality. Often accompanied by hallucinations. (27 Sep 1997) |
| psycholytic drug | <pharmacology> A class of medications (for example LSD, marijuana, peyote, heroin, cocaine) that result in a distorted perception of reality. Often accompanied by hallucinations. (27 Sep 1997) |
| psychotomimetic drug | <pharmacology> A class of medications (for example LSD, marijuana, peyote, heroin, cocaine) that result in a distorted perception of reality. Often accompanied by hallucinations. (27 Sep 1997) |
| psychotropic drug | Any drug that affects the mind. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nephrotoxic drug | A group of medication known to cause renal toxicity in some cases as a side effect. Examples include: aminoglycosides, cisplatin, cyclosporine, foscarnet, pentamidine, ifosfamide, vancomycin, neomycin, nitrous oxide, isoflurane, kanamycin and cyclophosphamide. (27 Sep 1997) |
| street drug | A controlled substance taken for non-medical purposes. Street drugs comprise various amphetamines, anaesthetics, barbiturates, opiates, and psychoactive drugs, and many are derived from natural sources (e.g., the plants Papaver somniferum, Cannibis sativa, Amanita pantherina, Lophophora williamsii). Slang names include acid (lysergic acid diethylamide), angel dust (phencyclidine), coke (cocaine), downers (barbiturates), grass (marijuana), hash (concentrated tetrahydrocannibinol), magic mushrooms (psilocybin), mescaline (peyote), speed (amphetamines). During the 1980s, a new class of "designer drugs" arose, mostly analogs of psychoactive substances intended to escape regulation under the Controlled Substances Act. Also, crack cocaine, a potent, smokable form of cocaine, emerged as a major public health problem. In the U.S. Illicit use of drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, and heroin historically has occurred in cycles. Synonym: recreational drug. (05 Mar 2000) |
| non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | <pharmacology> A large group of anti-inflammatory agents that work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins. They exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic actions. Examples include: ibuprofen, ketoprofen, piroxicam, naproxen, sulindac, aspirin, choline subsalicylate, diflunisal, fenoprofen, indomethacin, meclofenamate, salsalate, tolmetin and magnesium salicylate. A contrast is made with steroidal compounds (such as hydrocortisone or prednisone) exerting anti-inflammatory activity. Acronym: NSAID (05 May 2002) |
| sulpha drug | <pharmacology> A group of drugs used to treat infections. They include: sulphamethoxazole, Bactrim, sulphasalazine and sulphisoxazole. (19 Jan 1998) |
| dose-response relationship, drug | The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug. (12 Dec 1998) |
| drug | 1. Any animal, vegetable, or mineral substance used in the composition of medicines; any stuff used in dyeing or in chemical operations. "Whence merchants bring" "Their spicy drugs." 2. Any commodity that lies on hand, or is not salable; an article of slow sale, or in no demand. "But sermons are mere drugs." "And virtue shall a drug become." (Dryden) Origin: F. Drogue, prob. Fr. D. Droog; akin to E. Dry; thus orig, dry substance, hers, plants, or wares. See Dry. To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines. Origin: Cf. F. Droguer. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| drug abuse | Use of a drug for a reason other than which it was intended or in a manner or in quantities other than directed. Drug dependence is a compulsion to take a drug to produce a desired effect or prevent unpleasant effects when the drug is withheld. Risk factors for drug abuse include: low self esteem, inability to deal with stress and emotional instability. Juveniles use drugs due to peer pressure. Signs of drug use in children include: a change in friends or group, long absences from home, poor performance in school, seclusion, stealing, lying, criminal behaviour, deteriorating family relationships, signs of drug intoxication and changes in behaviour. Commonly abused drugs include narcotic analgesic agents, benzodiazepines, cocaine, amphetamines, barbiturates, marijuana, LSD and phencyclidine. Many labs now offer quick and inexpensive urine drug screening. Psychological counseling and parental support will be necessary in children with this problem. (27 Sep 1997) |
| drug activity | A measure of the physiological response a drug produces. A less active drug produces less response (and visa versa). (12 Dec 1998) |