| SPA | salt-poor albumin; sheep pulmonary adenomatosis; sperm penetration assay; spinal progressive amyotro... |
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| WPR | written progress report |
| ERF | Education and Research Foundation; external rotation in flexion; Eye Research Foundation |
| ISR | information storage and retrieval; Institute for Sex Research; Institute of Surgical Research; insul... |
| ACCP | American College of Chest Physicians; American College of Clinical Pharmacology; American College of... |
D factor
| biological transport | The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) across cell membranes and epithelial layers, usually by passive diffusion. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| biological transport, active | The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| biological value | <nutrition> The nutritional value of a protein, usually measured in comparison to the nutritional value of egg protein, which is the highest possible (BV=0.9 - 1.00). (21 Mar 1998) |
| biological vector | A vector, such as the Anopheles mosquito for malarial agents or the tsetse fly for agents of African sleeping sickness, in which the agent multiplies prior to being transmitted to another host. (05 Mar 2000) |
| biological warfare | <microbiology> The military use of harmful biological agents such as pathogenic bacteria. (21 Mar 1998) |
| relative biological effectiveness | The ratio of radiation dosages required to produce identical change based on a formula comparing other types of radiation with that of gamma or roentgen rays. (12 Dec 1998) |
| pest control, biological | The use of biological mechanisms, usually involving living organisms such as bacteria, for the reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous pests. Environmental concerns have focused attention on natural forms of disease control as potentially safe and effective alternatives to chemical pesticides. This has led to increased efforts to develop control strategies that rely on natural predators and parasites or that involve genetically engineered microbial pest control agents. (12 Dec 1998) |
| models, biological | Theoretical representations that simulate the behaviour or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, disease models, animal is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. (12 Dec 1998) |
| integrated biological hazard potential | <radiobiology> Total biological hazard potential of a collection of radioactive materials summed over their decay lifetimes. One measure of the integrated biological hazard potential is the amount of water one would need to use to dilute the materials to the point where the water would be safe to drink. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Addison's clinical planes | A series of plane's used as landmarks in thoracoabdominal topography; the trunk is divided vertically by a median plane from the upper border of the manubrium of the sternum to the pubic symphysis, by a lateral plane drawn vertically on either side through a point half way between the anterior superior iliac spine and the median plane at the interspinal plane, and by an interspinal plane passing vertically through the anterior superior iliac spine on either side; transversely the trunk is divided by a transthoracic plane passing across the thorax 3.2 cm above the lower border of the body of the sternum, by a transpyloric plane midway between the jugular notch of the sternum and the pubic symphysis, corresponding to the disc between the first and second lumbar vertebrae, and by an intertubercular plane passing through the iliac tubercles and cutting usually the fifth lumbar vertebra; the plane's formed on these lines, and also on transverse plane's cutting the upper edge of the manubrium and the upper edge of the pubic symphysis, constitute the clinical plane's of Addison. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pathology, clinical | A subspecialty of pathology which deals with the laboratory analysis of specimens of human blood and other fluids. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chemistry, clinical | The specialty of analytical chemistry applied to assays of physiologically important substances found in blood, urine, tissues, and other biological fluids for the purpose of aiding the physician in making a diagnosis or following therapy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| pharmacology, clinical | The branch of pharmacology that deals directly with the effectiveness and safety of drugs in humans. (12 Dec 1998) |
| phase I clinical trial | <pharmacology> The earliest stage clinical trial for studying an experimental drug in humans. Phase I trials are generally comparatively small and are used to determine toxicity and maximum dose. They provide an initial evaluation of a drug's safety and pharmacokinetics-how the drug is absorbed, what tissues it reaches and how long it takes to leave the body. Such studies also usually test various doses of the drug (dose-ranging) to obtain an indication of the appropriate dose to use in later studies. The patients in these trials usually have advanced disease and have already received best available chemotherapy, therefore, seeing a repose is significant partially because this means there is a lack of cross-resistance between two anti-cancer drugs. (31 Dec 1997) |
| phase II clinical trial | <pharmacology> Usually focus on the activity of the new product as a single agent in a noncomparative, open study. (31 Dec 1997) |