| CHRPE | congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium |
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| CRA | central retinal artery; Chinese restaurant asthma; chronic rheumatoid arthritis; constant relative a... |
| CRAD | central retinal artery occlusion |
| CRAO | central retinal artery occlusion |
| CRB | chemical, radiological, and biological; congenital retinal blindness |
| retinal perforation | <ophthalmology> Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| retinal pigmented epithelial cell | See: pigmented retinal epithelium, retina. (18 Nov 1997) |
| retinal pigments | <ophthalmology, physiology> Chemicals functioning in the visual cycle in retinal rod cells. Through excitation by visible light, a series of complex molecular changes occur that serve to trigger in the optical nerve endings an impulse transmitted to the brain, resulting in the perception of vision. (12 Dec 1998) |
| retinal reductase | Alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+). (05 Mar 2000) |
| retinal rod | <ophthalmology, physiology> Major photoreceptor cell of vertebrate retina (about 125 million in a human eye). Columnar cells (about 40m long, 1m diameter) having three distinct regions: a region adjacent to and synapsed with, the neural layer of the retina contains the nucleus and other cytoplasmic organelles, below this is the inner segment, rich in mitochondria, that is connected through a thin neck (in which is located a ciliary body) to the outer segment. The outer segment largely consists of a stack of discs membrane infoldings that are incompletely separated in cones) that are continually replenished near the inner segment and that are shed from the distal end and phagocytosed by the pigmented epithelium. The membranes of the discs are rich in rhodopsin, the pigment that absorbs light. (03 Jul 1999) |
| retinal vein | <ophthalmology> Central retinal vein and its tributaries. It runs a short course within the optic nerve and then leaves and empties into the superior ophthalmic vein or cavernous sinus. (12 Dec 1998) |
| retinal vein occlusion | <ophthalmology> Occlusion of the retinal vein. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, and other cardiovascular diseases. (12 Dec 1998) |
| retinal vessels | <ophthalmology> The vessels which supply and drain the retina. (12 Dec 1998) |
| rhegmatogenous retinal detachment | Retinal separation associated with a break, a hole, or a tear in the sensory retina. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pigmented retinal epithelium | Layer of unusual phagocytic epithelial cells lying below the photoreceptors of the vertebrate eye. The dorsal surface of the PRE cell is closely apposed to the ends of the rods and as discs are shed from the rod outer segment they are internalised and digested by the PRE. Do not have desmosomes or cytokeratins in some species. (18 Nov 1997) |
| trans-retinal | The orange retinaldehyde resulting from the action of light on the rhodopsin of the retina, which converts the 11-cis-retinal component of the rhodopsin to all-trans-retinal plus opsin. Synonym: trans-retinal, visual yellow. (05 Mar 2000) |
| exudative retinal detachment | Detachment of the retina without retinal breaks, arising from inflammatory disease of choroid, retinal tumours, and retinal angiomatosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| falciform retinal fold | A congenital fold from the disk to the ciliary region in the inferior temporal quadrant of the retina. (05 Mar 2000) |
| unequal retinal image | A condition in which the ocular image of an object as seen by one eye differs in size and shape from that seen by the other. (12 Dec 1998) |
| 11-cis-retinal | The isomer of retinaldehyde that can combine with opsin to form rhodopsin; it is formed from 11-trans-retinal by retinal isomerase. Synonym: neoretinal b. (05 Mar 2000) |