| Hoffman, August Wilhelm | <person> German chemist, 1818-1892. See: Frei-Hoffmann reaction, Hoffman's violet. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| Hoffmann's duct | The excretory duct of the pancreas that extends through the gland from tail to head where it empties into the duodenum at the greater duodenal papilla. Synonym: ductus pancreaticus, Hoffmann's duct, Wirsung's canal, Wirsung's duct. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Hoffmann's muscular atrophy | Transmitted as autosomal recessive on chromosome 5q. Progressive dysfunction of the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord and brainstem cranial nerves with profound weakness and bulbar dysfunction occurring in the first two years of life. Three groups, based on age of clinical onset, are recognised. Synonym: familial spinal muscular atrophy, Hoffmann's muscular atrophy, infantile muscular atrophy, infantile progressive spinal muscular atrophy, progressive infantile spinal muscular atrophy, Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, Werdnig-Hoffmann muscular atrophy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Hoffmann's phenomenon | Excessive irritability of the sensory nerves to electrical or mechanical stimuli in tetany. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Hoffmann's reflex | <clinical sign> In latent tetany mild mechanical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve causes severe pain, flexion of the terminal phalanx of the thumb and of the second and third phalanges of one or more of the fingers when the volar surface of the terminal phalanx of the fingers is flicked. Synonym: digital reflex, Hoffmann's reflex, snapping reflex. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Hoffmann's sign | <clinical sign> In latent tetany mild mechanical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve causes severe pain, flexion of the terminal phalanx of the thumb and of the second and third phalanges of one or more of the fingers when the volar surface of the terminal phalanx of the fingers is flicked. Synonym: digital reflex, Hoffmann's reflex, snapping reflex. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Hoffmann, Freidrich | <person> German physician, 1660-1742. Professor of Anatomy and Surgery at Halle, noted for clinical observations of a variety of infectious diseases. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Hoffmann, Johann | <person> German neurologist, 1857-1919. See: Hoffmann's muscular atrophy, Hoffmann's phenomenon, Hoffmann's reflex, Hoffmann's sign, Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, Werdnig-Hoffmann muscular atrophy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Hoffmann, Moritz | <person> German anatomist, 1622-1698. See: Hoffmann's duct. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Hofmann's bacillus | <bacteria> A nonpathogenic species found in normal throats. Synonym: Hofmann's bacillus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Hofmann, Georg von | <person> Austrian bacteriologist, 1843-1890. See: Hofmann's bacillus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Hofmeister gastrectomy | Hofmeister's operation in which a portion of the stomach is removed and a retrocolic gastrojejunostomy is constructed in an end-to-side fashion to only the greater curvature portion of the transected stomach. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Hofmeister series | <chemistry> The series of cations Magnesium, Calcium, Sr2+, Ba2+, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, and of anions citrate3-, tartrate2-, SO42-, acetate-, NO3-, CIO3-, I-, CNS- (among others). Each series is arranged in order of decreasing ability to: 1) precipitate the dispersed substance of lyophilic soltions; 2) "salt out" organic substances (e.g., aniline, ethyl acetate) from aqueous solutions; or 3) inhibit the swelling of gels. These effects, among other related ones, are ascribable to the abstraction and binding of water by these ions (i.e., hydration), which also decreases in the orders given, so that (in the monovalent cation series) Li+, with the smallest crystal radius, has the largest hydrated radius, and vice versa for Cs+. Synonym: lyotropic series. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Hofmeister's operation | Partial gastrectomy with closure of a portion of the lesser curvature and retrocolic anastomosis of the remainder to jejunum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Hofmeister, Franz | <person> German biochemist, 1850-1922. See: Hofmeister series, Hofmeister gastrectomy. (05 Mar 2000) |