| glucopyranose | Glucose in its pyranose form. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| glucosamine | <biochemistry> Amino sugar (2 amino 2 deoxyglucose), component of chitin, heparan sulphate, chondroitin sulphate and many complex polysaccharides. Usually found as _ D N acetyl glucosamine. (18 Nov 1997) |
| glucosamine acetyltransferase | <enzyme> Deficient in sanfilippo syndrome type c Registry number: EC 2.3.1.3 Synonym: acetyl-CoA-alpha-glucosaminide n-acetyltransferase, acetyl-coenzyme a-alpha-glucosaminide n-acetyltransferase (26 Jun 1999) |
| glucosaminidase | <enzyme> Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| glucosaminoglycan | <biochemistry> A macromolecule found on the surface of eukaryotic cells which is thought to play a role in the cells recognition of other cells or of a substrate. It consists of a network of long, branched chains made up of repeating units of disaccharides which contain amino groups sugars, at least one of which has a negatively charged side group (carboxylate or sulphate). Commonest are hyaluronate (D glucuronic acid N acetyl D glucosamine: MW up to 10 million), chondroitin sulphate (D glucuronic acid N acetyl D galactosamine 4 or 6 sulphate), dermatan sulphate (D glucuronic acid or L iduronic acid N acetyl D galactosamine), keratan sulphate (D galactose N acetyl D glucosamine sulphate) and heparan sulphate (D glucuronic acid or L iduronic acid N acetyl D glucosamine). Glycosaminoglycan side chains (with the exception of hyaluronate) are covalently attached to a core protein at about every 12 amino acid residues to produce a proteoglycan, these proteoglycans are then noncovalently attached by link proteins to hyaluronate, forming an enormous hydrated space filling polymer found in extracellular matrix. The extent of sulphation is variable and the structure allows tremendous diversity. The protein is also a component of the capsid of a retrovirus which can act as group-specific antigens to the host. (14 Oct 1997) |
| glucosaminoglycans | Glycosaminoglycans (or mucopolysaccharides) in which all of the constituent sugar amines are glucosamines. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glucosaminylgalactosylglucosylceramide beta-galactosyltransferase | <enzyme> Attaches galactose in a beta 1-3 bond to form the tetrasaccharide-ceramide Registry number: EC 2.4.1.86 Synonym: lc3 galactosyltransferase, udp-galactose-lc3 galactosyltransferase, lactotriosylceramide galactosyltransferase, glcnac beta1-3 gal beta1-4 glc beta1-cer galactosyltransferase, lactatriaosylceramide beta 1-3-galactosyltransferase (26 Jun 1999) |
| glucosans | Polysaccharides yielding glucose upon hydrolysis; e.g., cellulose, glycogen, starch, dextrins. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glucose | <biochemistry> D glucose, a monosaccharide (hexose), C6H12O6, found in certain foodstuffs, especially fruits and in the normal blood of all animals. It is the end product of carbohydrate metabolism and is the chief source of energy for living organisms, its utilisation being controlled by insulin. Excess glucose is converted to glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles for use as needed and, beyond that, is converted to fat and stored as adipose tissue. Glucose appears in the urine in diabetes mellitus. Synonym: dextrose. Origin: Gr. Gleukos = sweetness, glykys = sweet (14 Oct 1997) |
| glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase | <enzyme> Glycerate-1,3-p(2) + glucose -1-p yields glycerate-p + glucose-1,6-p(2) Chemical name: glucose 1,6-diphosphate synthase Registry number: EC 2.7.1.106 (26 Jun 1999) |
| glucose 1-phosphate | <biochemistry> Product of glycogen breakdown by phosphorylase. Converted to glucose 6 phosphate by phosphoglucomutase. (18 Nov 1997) |
| glucose clamp technique | <technique> Maintenance of a constant blood glucose level by perfusion or infusion with glucose or insulin. It is used for the study of metabolic rates (e.g., in glucose, lipid, amino acid metabolism) at constant glucose concentration. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glucose dehydrogenase | <enzyme> Converts beta-d-glucose to d-glucono-d-lactone, transferring hydrogen to NAD+ or NADP+. Compare: glucose oxidase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glucose dehydrogenases | <enzyme> D-glucose:1-oxidoreductases. Catalyses the oxidation of d-glucose to d-glucono-gamma-lactone and reduced acceptor. Any acceptor except molecular oxygen is permitted. Registry number: EC 1.1.1. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glucose effect | <biochemistry> The ability of the sugar glucose to block sugar metabolism by keeping the genes which make the enzymes involved in the early steps of sugar metabolism from making those enzymes. (09 Oct 1997) |