| 영문 | Horner syndrome | 한글 | 호르너증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 교감신경경로의 장애로 생기는 병이다. 교감신경은 자율신경의 하나로 온몸에 분포를 한다. 특히 얼굴쪽에는 눈꺼플을 올리는 근육과 땀샘에 분포하고 있다. 이와 같은 교감신경의 작용으로 눈꺼풀을 정상적으로 올리고 얼굴에 땀이 나오게 된다. 그 외에도 눈의 빛의 양을 조절하는 홍채를 수축시키는 근육에 분포해서 그 작용으로 눈의 홍채가 수축하여 동공이 커지게 된다. 교감신경은 그 기원이 대뇌속에 존재하는 시상하부라는 곳이고 이곳에서 시작한 교감신경은 척수를 타고 내려와서 목부위에서 척수를 빠져나와서 교감신경을 줄기를 형성하여 다시 뇌로 가는 혈관을 따라서 얼굴쪽으로 가게된다. 만약 이 교감신경의 주행부위에 병변이 생기면 그쪽의 얼굴에 교감신경이 차단되므로 병터쪽의 눈의 눈꺼풀쳐짐, 축동 그리고 병변측 얼굴부의 땀이 나지 않는 것 등의 증상을 나타나게 된다. 이런 현상을 호르너증후군이라고 한다. 이것은 여러 가지 병에서 나타날 수가 있는데 뇌나 척수의 질환중에서 이 교감신경로를 압박하거나 침범하는 병에서 생길 수도 있으며, 또는 폐암이 척수에서 빠져나와 목부분에서 이룬 교감신경의 줄기를 누를 경우에도 생길 수도 있다. |
||
| 영문 | respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) | 한글 | 호흡곤란증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 폐포와 폐모세혈관 사이에 부종으로 인한 확산능 감소로 호흡곤란과 청색증을 보이는 상태로 감염, 수술, 외상 등 모든 종류의 스트레스상황에서 발생할 수 있다. 치료는 선행 요인의 교정과 적절한 혈액내 산소농도 유지이다. |
||
| 영문 | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 한글 | 후천면역결핍증후군, 에이즈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 인간면역결핍바이러스(HIV)에 의하여 면역 세포가 파괴됨으로써 인체의 면역능력이 극도로 저하되어 병원체에 대하여 무방비 상태에 이르는 병. 에이즈 바이러스의 감염으로 생기며, 1981년 미국에서 처음 보고되었다. 최초 감염으로부터 증상이 나타나기까지는 평균 10년 정도 걸리며 사망률이 대단히 높다. 성적 접촉, 오염 주사기 사용, 오염 혈액 및 혈액 제제 사용, 에이즈 산모로부터 수직감염 따위에 의하여 감염된다. 감염 후 일과성으로 감기와 같은 증상을 보이며 바이러스혈증으로 되지만 바이러스는 감소되고 6~8주 후에는 항체가 양성으로 된다. 6~10년 정도의 무증후성 보균기간을 지나서 에이즈관련증후군(AIDS related syndrome)으로 된다. 저항력의 감소, 림프절비대, 체중감소, 발열, 만성설사가 이어진다. 그 후 에이즈로 되며, 폐포자충폐렴 등의 원충병, 칸디다 등의 진균증, 헤르페스바이러스군 등의 기회감염이 이어진다. 또한 카포시육종, 림프종 등을 병발해서 사망한다. 바이러스의 뇌조직내 증식으로 치매를 일으킬 수도 있다. HIV-1은 10년간에 사망률이 90%, HIV-2는 10%이다. |
||
| CPS | carbamoylphosphate synthetase; cardioplegic perfusion solution; centipoise; cervical pain syndrome; ... |
|---|---|
| CS | calf serum; campomelic syndrome; carcinoid syndrome; cardiogenic shock; caries-susceptible; carotid ... |
| PCS | palliative care service; Patient Care System; patterns of care study; pelvic congestion syndrome; ph... |
| 3-M [syndrome] | initials for Miller, McKusick, and Malvaux, who first described the syndrome |
| A2 P2 | aortic second sound; pulmonary second sound |
| second | 1. Immediately following the first; next to the first in order of place or time; hence, occuring again; another; other. "And he slept and dreamed the second time." (Gen. Xli. 5) 2. Next to the first in value, power, excellence, dignity, or rank; secondary; subordinate; inferior. "May the day when we become the second people upon earth . . . Be the day of our utter extirpation." (Landor) 3. Being of the same kind as another that has preceded; another, like a protype; as, a second Cato; a second Troy; a second deluge. "A Daniel, still say I, a second Daniel!" (Shak) Second Adventist. See Adventist. Second cousin, the child of a cousin. Second-cut file. See File. Second distance, the House of Peers. Second girl, a female house-servant who does the lighter work, as chamber work or waiting on table. Second intention. See Intention. Second story, Story floor, in America, the second range of rooms from the street level. This, in England, is called the first floor, the one beneath being the ground floor. Second thought or thoughts, consideration of a matter following a first impulse or impression; reconsideration. "On second thoughts, gentlemen, I don't wish you had known him." (Dickens) Origin: F, fr. L. Secundus second, properly, following, fr. Sequi to follow. See Sue to follow, and cf. Secund. 1. One who, or that which, follows, or comes after; one next and inferior in place, time, rank, importance, excellence, or power. "Man an angel's second, nor his second long." (Young) 2. One who follows or attends another for his support and aid; a backer; an assistant; specifically, one who acts as another's aid in a duel. "Being sure enough of seconds after the first onset." (Sir H. Wotton) 3. Aid; assistance; help. "Give second, and my love Is everlasting thine." (J. Fletcher) 4. An article of merchandise of a grade inferior to the best; especially, a coarse or inferior kind of flour. 5. [F. Seconde. See Second] The sixtieth part of a minute of time or of a minute of space, that is, the second regular subdivision of the degree; as, sound moves about 1,140 English feet in a second; five minutes and ten seconds north of this place. 6. In the duodecimal system of mensuration, the twelfth part of an inch or prime; a line. See Inch, and Prime. 7. The interval between any tone and the tone which is represented on the degree of the staff next above it. The second part in a concerted piece; often popularly applied to the alto. Second hand, the hand which marks the seconds on the dial of a watch or a clock. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
|---|---|
| second cranial nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The optic nerve. The nerve carrying impulses for the sense of sight. Projection from the vertebrate retina to the midbrain. Embryologically, a CNS tract rather than a peripheral nerve. Popular experimental preparation for studies of regeneration of retino tectal projections in lower vertebrates and also for studies of glial cell lineage in CNS. Synonym: cranial nerve II. (18 Nov 1997) |
| second cuneiform bone | A bone of the distal row of the tarsus; it articulates with the medial and lateral cuneiform, navicular, and second metatarsal bones. Synonym: os cuneiforme intermedium, mesocuneiform, middle cuneiform bone, second cuneiform bone, wedge bone. (05 Mar 2000) |
| second degree A-V block | See: atrioventricular block. (05 Mar 2000) |
| second degree burn | A burn involving the epidermis and dermis and usually forming blisters that may be superficial, or by deep dermal necrosis, followed by epithelial regeneration extending from the skin appendages. Synonym: partial-thickness burn. (05 Mar 2000) |
| second finger | The second finger (the thumb being counted as the first). Synonym: digitus secundus, forefinger, index, second finger. (05 Mar 2000) |
| second gas effect | When a constant concentration of an anaesthetic like halothane is inspired, the increase in alveolar concentration is accelerated by concomitant administration of nitrous oxide, because alveolar uptake of the latter creates a potential subatmospheric intrapulmonary pressure that leads to increased tracheal inflow. (05 Mar 2000) |
| second growth | A second generation of timber of merchantable age. (05 Dec 1998) |
| second heart sound | The second sound heard on auscultation of the heart; signifies the beginning of diastole and is due to closure of the semilunar valves. Synonym: second sound. (05 Mar 2000) |
| second incisor | Second maxillary or mandibular permanent or deciduous tooth on either side of the midsagittal plane of the head. Synonym: lateral incisor. (05 Mar 2000) |
| second law of thermodynamics | <physics> All of the chemical and physical processes in a closed system tend to drive that system toward maximum entropy. Clausius statement: No device can operate in a cycle and allow heat to transfer from a colder body to a hotter body unless other compensating activities are taking place. Kelvin-Planck statement: no device can operate in a constant-temperature cycle and convert the heat it receives into work, unless other other compensating activities are taking place. (09 Oct 1997) |
| second line chemotherapy | <oncology> Chemotherapy given for a tumour which has already failed to respond to a first chemotherapy regimen (called first line). (16 Dec 1997) |
| second-look operation | Exploratory celiotomy within a year after apparently curative resection of intra-abdominal cancer, in patients with no sign or symptom of recurrence, to resect an occult tumour if present. (05 Mar 2000) |
| second meiotic division | The second of two consecutive divisions of the nucleus of an eukaryotic cell during the process of meiosis. It includes the following stages of meiosis: prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II. (09 Oct 1997) |
| second messenger | <molecular biology> In many hormone sensitive systems the systemic hormone does not enter the target cell but binds to a receptor and indirectly affects the production of another molecule within the cell, this diffuses intracellularly to the target enzymes or intracellular receptor to produce the response. This intracellular mediator is called the second messenger. Examples include cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, IP3 and diacylglycerol. (18 Nov 1997) |