| diffraction |
The process by which the direction of radiation is changed so that it spreads into the geometric shadow zone of an opaque or refractive object that lies in a radiation field. Diffraction is an optical
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| diffuse reflection |
1. The change in the direction of radiation into all directions after encountering a rough surface. Compare specular reflection. 2. Term frequently applied to the process by which solar radiation is scattered by dust and other particles suspended in the atmosphere. 3. Reflection by a diffuse reflector.
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| diffusion |
1. The transport of matter solely by the random motions of individual molecules not moving together in coherent groups. Diffusion is a consequence of concentration gradients. 2. The process of mixing fluid properties by molecular and turbulent motions. The process in turbulent flow is called turbulent or eddy diffusion. Diffusion by turbulence is much more rapid than diffusion by molecular motions. Turbulence with statistics independent of direction is called isotropic. ...
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| diffluence |
The rate at which adjacent flow diverges along an axis oriented normal to the flow at the point in question; the opposite of confluence. The diffluence may be measured by v n / n or V / n, where V is the speed of the wind, the n axis is oriented 90?clockwise from the direction of the wind vector, v n is the wind component in the n direction, and is the wind direction measured in degrees clockwise from a reference direction.
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| differential |
A specification of the angular distribution of the electromagnetic energy scattered by a particle or a scattering medium. The differential (scattering) cross section is defined as the ratio of the intensity of radiant energy scattered in a given direction to the incident irradiance and thus has dimensions of area per unit solid angle. The symbol is frequently used for scattering cross section and d /d for the differential cross section.
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