| 영문 | venereal disease, sexually transmitted diseases | 한글 | 성병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 보편적으로 성교 또는 성기접촉에 의해 걸리는 접촉 전염병으로 매독, 임질, 무른궤양, 샅굴육아종 등을 말한다. 치료는 원인균에 따른 적절한 항생요법이다. |
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| 영문 | VDRL(venereal disease research laboratory) | 한글 | 성병 연구실험실 |
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| 설명 | 매독균의 reagin에 대한 항체. 매독의 선별검사로 사용되며 매독 치료에 대한 반응 여부와 치료효과 판정에도 사용된다. 매독외에도 전신성홍반성낭창, 류마티스관절염 등에서도 양성으로 나타날 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | hemolytic disease of newborn | 한글 | 신생아용혈병 |
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| 설명 | 신생아에서 적혈구가 비정상적으로 많이 파괴되는 병으로 태아적모구증(erythroblastosis fetalis)와 같은 뜻으로 쓰인다. 이것은 어머니에게서 생산된 신생아나 태아의 적혈구에 대한 항체가 태반을 건너와서 태아의 적혈구와 결합하여서 생기는 용혈성빈혈을 이르는 말. 즉 신생아나 태아의 적혈구의 항체가 어머니의 몸에서 생산이 되고 이것이 태반을 통해서 태아에게 넘어가서 태아의 적혈구와 결합을 하고 이 항체와 결합한 적혈구는 파괴가 되어서 빈혈이 생긴 것을 태아적모구증이라고 한다. 이것은 Rh 적모구증(Rh erythroblastosis)와 ABO 적모구증(ABO erythroblastosis)로 나눌 수가 있다. |
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| 영문 | coronary artery disease | 한글 | 심장동맥병 |
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| 설명 | 심장동맥이란 심장에 혈액을 공급하는 동맥을 말한다. 심장도 다른 근육과 마찬가지로 혈액을 공급받아야 수축을 할 수가 있는 기관으로 심장의 혈액을 공급하는 동맥을 심장동맥이라고 한다. 심장동맥병이란 심장동맥의 내경이 좁아져서 생기는 질환으로 허혈심장병(ischemic heart disease)이라고도 불린다. 관상동맥이 좁아질 경우에는 심장으로 가는 혈액의 양이 적어져서 심장에 충분한 혈액이 공급이 되지 못하므로 여러 가지 병적인 현상이 생긴다. 심장동맥이 좁아지는 데에는 여러 가지 원인이 있을 수가 있으나 주로 심장동맥의 동맥경화증에 의한다. 동맥경화증이란 동맥의 내층에 지방과 콜레스테롤로 이루어진 죽종(atheroma)가 생기는 질환으로 죽종이 생긴 동맥은 죽종이 혈관의 내부로 돌출하게 되어서 혈관의 내경이 작아지게 된다. 심장동맥병은 그 정도에 따라서 협심증(angina pectoris)와 심근경색증(myocardial infarction)으로 나눈다. 협심증은 심장동맥의 부분적 폐쇄에 의해서 평상시에는 증상이 없지만 심장이 많은 활동을 할 경우에 심장에 피가 충분한 만큼 공급이 되지 않아서 생기는 질병으로 평상시에 쉴 경우에는 아무 증상이 없지만 운동이나 과식 등의 원인으로 심장이 많은 운동을 할 경우에 심장에 공급되는 혈액의 양이 모자라서 증상(대개 가슴부위에 쥐어짜는 듯한 통증)이 생긴다. 심근경색증이란 심장동맥의 완전폐쇄에 의해서 심장의 근육이 혈액을 전혀 공급받지 못해서 심장의 근육이 썩는 경우를 말한다. |
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| 영문 | heart disease | 한글 | 심장병 |
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| 설명 | 순환기 질환 중 심장의 병. 일반적으로 심장혈관이나 심장의 병도 포함된다. 병터의 부위에 의한 병리해부학적 분류와 병인에 의한 분류가 있다. 전자는 수 십 년 전부터 쓰여져 왔으나 근년에 와서 본질적인 원인요법이 가능하게 된 이후는 후자의 분류가 의의가 있어서 많이 쓰이게 되었다. 병터 부위로는 심내막(판막)-심장근-심장막, 그 밖의 것을 들 수 있으며, 각각 심내막염-심장판막증-심근염-심근경색-심장막염-선천성 심장병(심장기형) 등이포함된다. 병인별에서는 심장기형을 비롯하여 류마치스 심장병-매독성 심장병-고혈압성 심장병-심장동맥경화성 심장병-폐성심장-세균성 심내막염-심장신경증 등으로 나누어지며, 부정맥이나 방실차단 등의 자극전도계의 장애에 의한 것도 증세의 하나로 볼 수 있다. 심장병은 자각적으로는 무증세인 것에서부터 심장기능상실로 호흡곤란까지 있다. |
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| ARD | absolute reaction of degeneration; acute radiation disease; acute respiratory disease; adult respira... |
|---|---|
| DD | dangerous drug; data definition; day of delivery; degenerated disc; degenerative disease; delusional... |
| DDD | AV universal [pacemaker]; defined daily dose; degenerative disc disease; dehydroxydinaphthyl disulfi... |
| ND | Doctor of Naturopathy; nasal deformity; natural death; Naval Dispensary; neonatal death; neoplastic ... |
| CDC | calculated date of confinement; cancer diagnosis center; capillary diffusion capacity; cell division... |
| cancer susceptibility gene | tumour suppressor gene |
|---|---|
| cancer symptoms | Abnormal sensations or conditions that persons can notice that are a result of a cancer. It is important to see your doctor for regular checkups and not wait for problems to occur. But you should also know that the following symptoms may be associated with cancer: changes in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding or discharge, thickening or lump in the breast or any other part of the body, indigestion or difficulty swallowing, obvious change in a wart or mole, or nagging cough or hoarseness. These symptoms are not always a sign of cancer. They can also be caused by less serious conditions. Only a doctor can make a diagnosis. It is important to see a doctor if you have any of these symptoms. Don't wait to feel pain. Early cancer often does not cause pain. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, testicles | Cancer of the male sex organ (testicle) that normally produces the hormone testosterone. One of the most common cancers in young men. Most testicular cancers are found by men themselves as a lump in the testicle. The risk of cancer of the testicles is increased in males whose testicles did not move down normally into the scrotum (holding sac for the testicles) during development if the problem is not corrected in early childhood. This condition is referred to as undescended testicles. When a growth in the testicle is detected, cancer is confirmed after surgical removal of the affected testicle (orchiectomy) and examination of the tissue under a microscope. Testicular cancer is almost always curable if it is found early. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, testicular | Cancer of the male sex organ (testicle) that normally produces the hormone testosterone. One of the most common cancers in young men. Most testicular cancers are found by men themselves as a lump in the testicle. The risk of cancer of the testicles is increased in males whose testicles did not move down normally into the scrotum (holding sac for the testicles) during development if the problem is not corrected in early childhood. This condition is referred to as undescended testicles. When a growth in the testicle is detected, cancer is confirmed after surgical removal of the affected testicle (orchiectomy) and examination of the tissue under a microscope. Testicular cancer is almost always curable if it is found early. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, thyroid | Cancer of the gland in front of the neck that normally produces thyroid hormone which is important to the normal regulation of the metabolism of the body. There are four major types of cancer of the thyroid gland. Persons who received radiation to the head or neck in childhood should be examined by a doctor every 1 to 2 years. The most common symptom of thyroid cancer is a lump, or nodule, that can be felt in the neck. The only certain way to tell whether a thyroid lump is cancer is by examining the thyroid tissue obtained using a needle or surgery for biopsy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, uterine | Cancer of the womb (uterus). Cancer of the uterus occurs most often in women between the ages of 55 and 70 years. Abnormal bleeding after menopause is the most common symptom of cancer of the uterus. Cancer of the uterus is diagnosed based on the results of the pelvic examination, pap smear, biopsy of the uterus, and D and C procedure. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, uterus | Cancer of the womb. Also referred to as uterine cancer. Cancer of the uterus occurs most often in women between the ages of 55 and 70 years. Abnormal bleeding after menopause is the most common symptom of cancer of the uterus. Cancer of the uterus is diagnosed based on the results of the pelvic examination, pap smear, biopsy of the uterus, and D and C procedure. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer vaccines | Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the patient's own whole tumour cells as the source of antigens, or using tumour-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced. (12 Dec 1998) |
| pancreatic cancer | <oncology> A malignant growth of the pancreas. More than 90% are ductal adenocarcinomas with islet cell carcinomas making up the difference. Symptoms include abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, jaundice, weight loss and anorexia. (27 Sep 1997) |
| gastric cancer | Cancer of the stomach, the major organ that holds food for digestion. Stomach cancer (gastric cancer) can develop in any part of the stomach and spread to other organs. Stomach ulcers do not appear to increase a person's risk of developing stomach cancer. Symptoms of stomach cancer are often vague, such as loss of appetite and weight. The cancer is diagnosed with a biopsy of stomach tissue during a procedure. Called an endoscopy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| mammary cancer virus of mice | Member of the retrovirus subfamily Oncornavirinae, antigenically distinct from the murine leukaemia-sarcoma complex, that is associated with adenocarcinomatous tumours of the mammary gland, commonly latent in wild and laboratory mice and causing cancer only in genetically susceptible strains under certain hormonal influences. Synonym: Bittner agent, Bittner virus, Bittner's milk factor, mammary cancer virus of mice, milk factor, mouse mammary tumour virus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| paraffin cancer | Carcinoma of the skin occurring as an occupational disease in paraffin workers. (05 Mar 2000) |
| genes, breast cancer susceptibility | Inherited factors that predispose to breast cancer. Put otherwise, these genes make one more susceptible to the disease and so increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Two of these genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, have been identified (and prominently publicised). Several other genes (those for the Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Cowden disease, Muir-Torre syndrome, and ataxia-telangiectasia) are also known to predispose to breast cancer. Howeverm, since all of these known breast cancer susceptibility genes together do not account for more than a minor fraction (1/5th at most) of breast cancer that clusters in families, it is clear that more breast cancer genes remain to be discovered. See related entries to: BRCA1; BRCA2; Breast cancer, familial. (12 Dec 1998) |
| rectal cancer | A malignant tumour arising from the inner wall of the large intestine. The third leading cause of cancer in males, fourth in females in the u.s. Risk factors include heredity (family history), colon polyps, and long-standing ulcerative colitis. most colorectal cancers develop from polyps. Colon polyp removal can prevent colorectal cancer. Colon polyps and early cancer can have no symptoms so regular screening is important. Diagnosis of colorectal cancer can be made by barium enema or by colonoscopy with biopsy confirmation of cancer. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glandular cancer | <oncology, tumour> A form of cancer that involves cells from the lining of the walls of many different organs of the body. Breast cancer is a type of adenocarcinoma. (14 May 1997) |