| cell division cycle gene | Genes which control the yeast cell cycle. There are around 50 different genes which do this. (09 Oct 1997) |
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| cell division cycle mutant | A yeast cell which has cell division cycle genes that have mutated to become sensitive to temperature, at certain temperatures (usually high ones), various parts of the normal yeast cell cycle become abnormal, and in some strains the yeast cell does not survive at all. (09 Oct 1997) |
| cell division phases | The stages which a cell undergoes when dividing. There are four successive phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cell electrophoresis | <technique> A method for estimating the surface charge of a cell by looking at its rate of movement in an electrical field. Almost all eukaryotic cells have a net negative surface charge. Measurement is complicated by the streaming potential at the wall of the chamber itself and by the fact that the cell is surrounded by a layer of fluid (see double layer). The electrical potential measured (the zeta potential) is actually some distance away from the plasma membrane. One of the more useful modifications is to systematically vary the pH of the suspension fluid to determine the pK of the charged groups responsible (mostly carboxyl groups of sialic acid). (26 Mar 1998) |
| cell extracts | Preparations of cell constituents or subcellular materials, isolates, or substances. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cell fate | <embryology> Of an embryonic parent (progenitor) cell or cell type, the range and distribution of differentiated tissues formed by its daughter cells. For example: cells of the neural crest differentiate to form among other things) cells of the peripheral nervous system. (26 Mar 1998) |
| cell fractionation | <technique> Strictly this should mean the separation of homogeneous sets from a heterogeneous population of cells (by a method such as flow cytometry). The term is more frequently used to mean subcellular fractionation i.e. The separation of different parts of the cell by differential centrifugation, to give nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal and soluble fractions. (26 Mar 1998) |
| cell fusion | <biology, embryology> Fusion of two previously separate cells occurs naturally in fertilization and in the formation of vertebrate skeletal muscle, but can be induced artificially by the use of Sendai virus or fusogens such as polyethylene glycol. Fusion may be restricted to cytoplasm or nuclei may fuse as well. A cell formed by the fusion of dissimilar cells is often referred to as a heterokaryon. (26 Mar 1998) |
| cell growth | <cell biology> Usually used to mean increase in the size of a population of cells though strictly should be reserved for an increase in cytoplasmic volume of an individual cell. (26 Mar 1998) |
| cell hybridization | Fusion of two or more dissimilar cells, leading to formation of a synkaryon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cell hypoxia | A condition of decreased oxygen content at the cellular level. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cell inclusions | The residual elements of the cytoplasm that are metabolic products of the cell, e.g., pigment granules or crystals. Synonym: metaplasm. Storage materials such as glycogen or fat, engulfed material such as carbon or other foreign substances. See: inclusion bodies. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cell junction | <cell biology> Specialised junctions between cells. See: adherens junctions, desmosomes, tight junctions, gap junctions. (26 Mar 1998) |
| cell line | <cell culture> A cell line is a permanently established cell culture that will proliferate indefinitely given appropriate fresh medium and space. Lines differ from cell strains in that they have escaped the Hayflick limit and become immortalised. Some species, particularly rodents, give rise to lines relatively easily, whereas other species do not. No cell lines have been produced from avian tissues and the establishment of cell lines from human tissue is difficult. Many cell biologists would consider that a cell line is by definition already abnormal and that it is on the way towards becoming the culture equivalent of a neoplastic cell. (26 Mar 1998) |
| cell line rights | <cell culture> Ownership of a new organism entity. Rulings indicate that any organism that is patentable at all can be patented if it has been manipulated to do something useful. Usually, the rights do not reside with the individual who has supplied the source of the organism, but with the individual or organisation who has made it. (26 Mar 1998) |