| carbohydrase | <enzyme> Contains sialidase, fucosidase, hexosaminidase and beta-galactosidase Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
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| carbohydrate | <biochemistry> Very abundant compounds, usually an aldehyde or ketone derivative of a polyhydric alcohol, particularly of the pentahydric and hexahydric alcohols. They are so named because the hydrogen and oxygen are usually in the proportion to form water with the general formula Cn(H2O)n. The most important carbohydrates are the starches, sugars, celluloses and gums. They are classified into mono, di, tri, poly and heterosaccharides. The smallest are monosaccharides like glucose whereas polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose or glycogen can be large and indeterminate in length. (08 Oct 1997) |
| carbohydrate conformation | The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a carbohydrate. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carbohydrate dehydrogenases | <enzyme> Reversibly catalyze the oxidation of a hydroxyl group of carbohydrates to form a keto sugar, aldehyde or lactone. Any acceptor except molecular oxygen is permitted. Registry number: EC 1.1. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carbohydrate epimerases | <enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the epimerization of chiral centres within carbohydrates or their derivatives. Registry number: EC 5.1.3 (12 Dec 1998) |
| carbohydrate loading | A procedure popular with long-distance runners and other athletes of filling muscles with a large glycogen pool prior to an athletic event; often, the athlete consumes very few carbohydrates for three days followed by a largely carbohydrate diet for the last three days before the event. (05 Mar 2000) |
| carbohydrate metabolism | <biochemistry> The breakdown of starches and sugars into smaller units that can be used by the body for energy. (27 Sep 1997) |
| carbohydrate sequence | The sequence of carbohydrates within polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carbohydrate utilization test | A test for the definitive identification of clinically important yeasts and yeastlike organisms. (05 Mar 2000) |
| carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome | <syndrome> An inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism manifesting as a genetic multisystem disorder of autosomal recessive inheritance. A predominant feature is severe central and peripheral nervous system involvement resulting in psychomotor retardation, seizures, cerebellar ataxia, and other symptoms which include growth retardation, retinitis pigmentosa, hypothyroidism, and fatty liver. The notable biochemical feature is the deficiency of a large number of blood glycoproteins and decreased activities of various blood coagulation factors. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carbohydrate-induced hyperlipaemia | type III familial hyperlipoproteinaemia, type IV familial hyperlipoproteinaemia |
| carbohydrates | A class of aldehyde or ketone derivatives of polyhydric alcohols, particularly of the pentahydric and hexahydric alcohols. They are so named because the hydrogen and oxygen are usually in the proportion to form water, cn(h2o)n. The most important include the small sugars as well as the large starches, glycogens, celluloses, and gums. Carbohydrates with reference to nutrition and diet are dietary carbohydrates. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carbohydrates and hypoglycaemic agents | A collective term for carbohydrates and agents used to lower the level of glucose in the blood. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carbohydraturia | General term denoting the excretion of one or more carbohydrates in the urine (e.g., glucose, galactose, lactose, pentose), thus including such conditions as glycosuria (melituria), galactosuria, lactosuria, pentosuria, etc. (05 Mar 2000) |
| carbohydrazides | 1,3-diaminoureas; rNH-NHCONH-NHR'. Synonym: carbohydrazides. (05 Mar 2000) |