| blacksnake | <zoology> A snake of a black colour, of which two species are common in the United States, the Bascanium constrictor, or racer, sometimes six feet long, and the Scotophis Alleghaniensis, seven or eight feet long. The name is also applied to various other black serpents, as Natrix atra of Jamaica. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
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| blacktail | 1. <zoology> A fish; the ruff or pope. 2. <zoology> The black-tailed deer (Cervus or Cariacus Columbianus) of California and Oregon; also, the mule deer of the Rocky Mountains. See Mule deer. Origin: Black + tail. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| blackthorn | <botany> A spreading thorny shrub or small tree (Prunus spinosa), with blackish bark, and bearing little black plums, which are called sloes; the sloe. A species of Crataegus or hawthorn (C. Tomentosa). Both are used for hedges. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| blackwash | 1. <medicine> A lotion made by mixing calomel and lime water. 2. A wash that blackens, as opposed to whitewash; hence, figuratively, calumny. "To remove as far as he can the modern layers of black wash, and let the man himself, fair or foul, be seen." (C. Kingsley) Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| blackwater fever | A condition that results from the presence of haemoglobin in the urine (haemoglobinuria) following infection with Falciparum malaria. Symptoms include fever, tender and enlarged liver and spleen, dark urine, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and jaundice. (27 Sep 1997) |
| blackwood | A name given to several dark-coloured timbers. The East Indian black wood is from the tree Dalbergia latifolia. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| bladder | A membranous sac that serves as a reservoir for urine. Contraction of the bladder results in urination. (27 Sep 1997) |
| bladder calcification | <radiology> Schistosomiasis (bilharziasis), major cause worldwide, 50% have calcification, can cause squamous cell carcinoma, TB and other infections, radiation cystitis, calculi, bladder neoplasms, transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, haemangioma, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma (12 Dec 1998) |
| bladder calculi | Calculi of the urinary bladder; also known as vesical calculi, bladder stones or gravel, and cystoliths. Vesicoprostatic calculi are prostatic calculi extending into the bladder. (12 Dec 1998) |
| bladder cancer | The most common warning sign of bladder cancer is blood in the urine. The diagnosis of bladder cancer is supported by findings in the medical history and examination, blood, urine, and X-ray tests, and confirmed with a biopsy (usually during a cystoscope exam). Treatment of bladder cancer depends on the growth, size, and location of the tumour. (12 Dec 1998) |
| bladder cancer risks | Smoking is a major risk factor. Cigarette smokers develop bladder cancer 2-3 times more often than do nonsmokers. Quitting smoking reduces the risk of bladder cancer, lung cancer, several other types of cancer, and a number of other diseases as well. Workers in some occupations are at higher risk of developing bladder cancer because of exposure to carcinogens (cancer-causing substances) in the workplace. These workers include people in the rubber, chemical, and leather industries, as well as hairstylists, machinists, metal workers, printers, painters, textile workers, and truck drivers. (12 Dec 1998) |
| bladder compliance | Relationship of volume to pressure; can be calculated from a cytometrogram's pressure volume curve. Synonym: compliance of bladder. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bladder exstrophy | Congenital eversion of the urinary bladder. It is characterised by the absence of a portion of the lower abdominal wall and the anterior vesical wall, with eversion of the posterior vesical wall through the deficit. (12 Dec 1998) |
| bladder fistula | An abnormal passage in the bladder or between the bladder and another organ. (12 Dec 1998) |
| bladder infection | Some people are at more risk for bladder and other urinary tract infections (UTIs) than others. One woman in five develops a UTI during her lifetime. Not everyone with a UTI has symptoms. Common symptoms include a frequent urge to urinate and a painful, burning when urinating. Underlying conditions that impair the normal urinary flow can lead to more complicated UTIs. (12 Dec 1998) |