| acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase | An acetyltransferase forming acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA, releasing one CoA. A key step in ketogenesis and sterol synthesis. Synonym: acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, acetyl-CoA thiolase, thiolase. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| acetoacetyl-coenzyme A | Intermediate in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the formation of ketone bodies; also formed from two molecules of acetyl-CoA; major role is condensation with acetyl-CoA to form the important beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA. Synonym: acetoacetyl-coenzyme A. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acetoacetyl-succinic thiophorase | <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the reversible conversion of acetoacetyl-CoA and succinate into succinyl-CoA and acetoacetate; malonyl-CoA can substitute for succinyl-CoA and a few other 3-oxo acids for the acetoacetate; an important step in order for the ketone bodies to serve as a fuel for extrahepatic tissues. Synonym: 3-ketoacid-CoA transferase, acetoacetyl-succinic thiophorase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Acetobacter | <bacteria> Acetobacter is a genus of rod-shaped, flagellated or nonmotile bacteria that oxidize ethanol to acetic acid. These bacteria are commonly found on fruits and vegetables and although they are used commercially to produce vinegar (especially Acetobacter aceti), they are considered pests by brewers and vintners. Origin: L. Acetum = vinegar. (27 Jun 1999) |
| acetobacteraceae | <microbiology> A family of gram-negative bacteria consisting of ellipsoidal to rod-shaped cells that occur singly, in pairs, or in chains. (12 Dec 1998) |
| acetoclastic bacteria | <microbiology> Bacteria that use only acetic acid and produce methane during anaerobic fermentation. Origin: L. Acetum = vinegar. (06 May 1997) |
| acetoclastis | <biochemistry> The process of splitting acetate into methane and carbon dioxide by some methanogens. (09 Oct 1997) |
| acetogenic bacteria | <microbiology> Bacteria that convert carbon dioxide to sugars into acetate. Origin: L. Acetum = vinegar. (06 May 1997) |
| acetohexamide | <drug> A drug taken to lower the level of glucose in the blood. Only some people with non insulin-dependent diabetes take these pills. (09 Oct 1997) |
| acetohexamide reductase | <enzyme> Catalyses the conversion of acetohexamide to (-)-hydroxyhexamide Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| acetohydroxamic acid | C2H5NO2; N-Hydroxyacetamide;an inhibitor of urease, used as adjunctive therapy in chronic urea-splitting urinary infections. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acetoin | <chemical> 3-hydroxy-2-butanone. A product of fermentation. It is a component of the butanediol cycle in microorganisms. In mammals it is oxidised to carbon dioxide. Chemical name: 2-Butanone, 3-hydroxy- (12 Dec 1998) |
| acetoin dehydrogenase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of acetoin to diacetyl in the presence of NAD. Chemical name: Acetoin:NAD+ oxidoreductase Registry number: EC 1.1.1.5 (12 Dec 1998) |
| acetoin-2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol oxidoreductase | <enzyme> Enzyme from the anaerobe pelobacter carbinolicus; catalyses thiamine pyrophosphate dependent oxidative-hydrolytic cleavage of acetoin, methylacetoin or diacetylacetoin to form acetic acid plus acetaldehyde, acetone or 2-acetic acid, respectively Registry number: EC 1.2.99.- Synonym: aodcpip oxidoreductase (26 Jun 1999) |
| acetokinase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses reversibly the phosphorylation of acetate in the presence of a divalent cation and ATP with the formation of acetylphosphate and ADP. It is important in the glycolysis process. Chemical name: ATP:acetate phosphotransferase Registry number: EC 2.7.2.1 (12 Dec 1998) |