| 영문 | Cushing's syndrome | 한글 | 쿠싱증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 쿠싱증후군이란 글루코코르티코이드가 만성적으로 과잉분비에 의해서 일어나는 병을 말한다. 원인으로 ① 뇌하수체에서 ACTH가 과잉 분비되는 경우: 뇌하수체에서 ACTH가 너무나 많이 분비되는 경우에 부신겉질을 자극해서 많은 양의 글루코코르티코이드가 분비된다. ② 뇌하수체 이외의 부분에서 ACTH가 많이 분비되는 경우: 폐암, 난소암 등의 종양에서 ACTH를 생산하는 경우가 있다. 이 경우에도 역시 부신피질이 자극이 되어서 많은 양의 글루코코르티코이드가 분비된다. ③ ACTH의 자극이 없이 부신에서 많은 양의 글루코코르티코이드가 나오는 경우. ACTH자극에 관계없이 부신피질의 과잉성장, 종양에 의해서 많은 양의 글루코코르티코이드가 분비되는 경우. ④ 외인성, 의인성: 치료를 위해서 많은 양의 글루코코르티코이드를 장기 투여할 경우에 생기는 쿠싱증후군 쿠싱증후군에서 특히 ①번에 해당하는 것을 쿠싱병라고 한다. 증상은 뚱뚱하고 얼굴이 달덩이처럼 둥글고 살이 쪘지만 팔, 다리는 가늘고 대신에 몸에 많은 살이 붙어있다. 목뒤에 많은 살이 있어서 그것이 덩어리를 형성하기도 한다. 이것은 원래 글루코코르티코이드가 지방을 분해하는 역할을 하지만 병적으로 많이 나올 경우에는 지방의 분포를 변화시키는 역할을 하기 때문이다. 즉 팔, 다리 등의 온몸에 퍼져있는 지방을 몸통쪽으로 모두 이동시킨다. 잔털이 온몸에 걸쳐서 많이 나있고 여드름이 많고 배에 자주색 선조가 있는 경우가 많다. 그리고 글루코코르티코이드가 단백질을 분해해서 당류를 만드는 역할을 하여 근육이나 뼈대의 심한 소실이 있다. 그래서 근육이 거의 없어지고 뼈는 아주 부러지기 쉽게 된다. 대개 고혈압인 경우가 많고 심리적으로 우울증이나 과민성 등이 있을 수도 있고 심한 경우에는 정신병증세를 보이기도 한다. |
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| 영문 | Klinefelter syndrome | 한글 | 클라인펠터증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1942년 H.F. 클라인펠터가 기재한 성염색체이상증후군. 정상인의 성염색체형은 남성 XY, 여성 XX를 나타내지만, 이 증후군에서는 성염색체형이 XXY. XXYY, XXXXY 등의 여러 가지 이상한 형태를 나타낸다. 외성기-체격-성징 등의 특징적인 증세로 볼 때에 완전한 남성이 결혼하여 성생활까지 하였으나, 자식이 없자 부부가 함께 병원을 찾아가서 염색체를 검사해 보고 남자에게 이 증후군이 있음을 알게 되는 경우가 많다. 이 밖에 성인이 되어 나타나는 주요 증세를 들면, 작은고환, 여성형 유방증, 무정자증, 불임, 요중 고나도트로핀의 상승, 지능 저하 등이다. 치료는 2차 성징의 촉진을 위하여 호르몬요법에 의한 남성화를 시도한다. |
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| 영문 | fetal alcohol syndrome | 한글 | 태아알코올증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 임신기간 중 만성적으로 알코올을 섭취한 여자에게서 태어난 영아에게 나타나는 형태발생의 이상을 나타내는 증후군으로서 위턱뼈발육부전, 앞머리와 아래턱의 돌출, 짧은검열, 작은안구증, 눈구석주름, 심한 성장지연, 정신지체 등을 나타낸다. |
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| 영문 | Horner syndrome | 한글 | 호르너증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 교감신경경로의 장애로 생기는 병이다. 교감신경은 자율신경의 하나로 온몸에 분포를 한다. 특히 얼굴쪽에는 눈꺼플을 올리는 근육과 땀샘에 분포하고 있다. 이와 같은 교감신경의 작용으로 눈꺼풀을 정상적으로 올리고 얼굴에 땀이 나오게 된다. 그 외에도 눈의 빛의 양을 조절하는 홍채를 수축시키는 근육에 분포해서 그 작용으로 눈의 홍채가 수축하여 동공이 커지게 된다. 교감신경은 그 기원이 대뇌속에 존재하는 시상하부라는 곳이고 이곳에서 시작한 교감신경은 척수를 타고 내려와서 목부위에서 척수를 빠져나와서 교감신경을 줄기를 형성하여 다시 뇌로 가는 혈관을 따라서 얼굴쪽으로 가게된다. 만약 이 교감신경의 주행부위에 병변이 생기면 그쪽의 얼굴에 교감신경이 차단되므로 병터쪽의 눈의 눈꺼풀쳐짐, 축동 그리고 병변측 얼굴부의 땀이 나지 않는 것 등의 증상을 나타나게 된다. 이런 현상을 호르너증후군이라고 한다. 이것은 여러 가지 병에서 나타날 수가 있는데 뇌나 척수의 질환중에서 이 교감신경로를 압박하거나 침범하는 병에서 생길 수도 있으며, 또는 폐암이 척수에서 빠져나와 목부분에서 이룬 교감신경의 줄기를 누를 경우에도 생길 수도 있다. |
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| 영문 | respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) | 한글 | 호흡곤란증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 폐포와 폐모세혈관 사이에 부종으로 인한 확산능 감소로 호흡곤란과 청색증을 보이는 상태로 감염, 수술, 외상 등 모든 종류의 스트레스상황에서 발생할 수 있다. 치료는 선행 요인의 교정과 적절한 혈액내 산소농도 유지이다. |
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| DDS | damaged disc syndrome; dendrodendritic synaptosome; dental distress syndrome; depressed DNA synthesi... |
|---|---|
| EDS | edema disease of swine; egg drop syndrome; Ehlers-Danlos syndrome; Emery-Dreifus syndrome; energy-di... |
| FS | factor of safety; Fanconi syndrome; Felty syndrome; fibromyalgia syndrome; field stimulation; Fisher... |
| GS | gallstone; Gardner syndrome; gastric shield; general surgery; gestational score; Gilbert syndrome; g... |
| HSS | Hallermann-Streiff syndrome; Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome; Henoch-Schonlein syndrome; high-speed supe... |
| syndrome, myelodysplastic | A condition in which the bone marrow does not function normally. It does not produce enough blood cells. This condition may progress and become acute leukaemia. Myelodysplastic syndrome also is called preleukaemia or smoldering leukaemia. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| syndrome, nail-patella | Hereditary dominant condition with abnormally formed (dysplastic) or absent nails and absent or underdeveloped (hypoplastic) kneecaps (patellae). Other features include iliac horns (symmetrical bilateral central posterior iliac processes), abnormality of the elbows interfering with full range of motion (pronation and supination) and kidney disease resembling glomerulonephritis which.is often mild but can be progressive and lead to renal failure. The nail-patella gene locus found linked genetically to the abo blood group in1965 is now known to be in chromosome region 9q34. Also called onychoosteodysplasia, turner-kieser syndrome, and fong disease. (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndrome, nervous colon | See Syndrome, irritable bowel. (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndrome, pallister-killian | Condition with multiple malformations at birth and mental retardation due to isochromosome 12p mosaicism (an abnormal chromosome 12 in some cells). (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndrome, patau | Trisomy 13 syndrome or three chromosome number 13s instead of the normal two. Children with this condition have multiple malformations and mental retardation due to an extra chromosome 13 named after the late klaus patau who described the extra chromosome in 1960. This is trisomy 13 syndrome. There are three rather than the normal two chromosomes 13. Children with this syndrome have multiple malformations and mental retardation due to the extra chromosome 13. The malformations commonly include scalp defects, haemangiomas (blood vessel malformations) of the face and nape of the neck, cleft lip and palate, malformations of the heart and abdominal organs, and flexed fingers with extra digits. The mental retardation is profound. The iq is untestably low. The majority of trisomy 13 babies die soon after birth or in infancy. Named after the late klaus patau who discovered the extra chromosome in 1960. (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndrome, pickwickian | The combination of obesity, somnolence, hypoventilation (underbreathing), and plethoric (red) face named after the fat and red-faced boy in a state of somnolency in charles dickens' novel the pickwick papers. (the same boy is thought by some to have had prader-willi syndrome). (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndrome, popliteal pterygium | An inherited condition with a web behind the knee. (a pterygium is a winglike triangular membrane.) (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndrome, prader-willi | A condition in children with floppiness (hypotonia), obesity, small hands and feet and mental retardation. It is due to loss of part or all of chromosome 15, specifcally the chromosome 15 from the father. The fat and red-faced boy in a state of somnolency described by charles dickens in his novel the pickwick papers is thought by some to have had prader-willi syndrome. (the same boy inspired the naming of the pickwickian syndrome). (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndrome, proteus | A disturbance of cell growth including benign tumours under the skin, overgrowth of the body, often more on one side than the other (hemihypertrophy), and overgrowth of fingers (macrodactyly). The syndrome is named after the greek god proteus the polymorphous who could change his appearance. The elephant man (john merrick) of 19th century england who was thought to have had neurofibromatosis probably had proteus syndrome. (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndrome, radial aplasia-thrombocytopenia | See syndrome, tar. (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndrome, reflex sympathetic dystrophy | A condition that features a group of typical symptoms, including pain (often burning type), tenderness, and swelling of an extremity associated with varying degrees of sweating, warmth and/or coolness, flushing, discoloration, and shiny skin. (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndrome, reiter's | A chronic form of inflammatory arthritis wherein the following three conditions are combined: (1) arthritis; (2) inflammation of the eyes (conjunctivitis); and (3) inflammation of the genital, urinary or gastrointestinal systems. (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndrome, reye's | A sudden, sometimes fatal, disease of the brain (encephalopathy) with degeneration of the liver, occurs in children (most cases 4-12 years of age), comes after the chickenpox (varicella) or an influenza-type illness, is also associated with taking medications containing aspirin. The child with reye's syndrome first tends to be unusually quiet, lethargic (stuporous), sleepy, and vomiting. In the second stage, the lethargy deepens, the child is confused, combative and delirious. And things get worse from there with decreasing consciousness, coma, seizures, and eventually death. The prognosis (outlook) depends on early diagnosis and control of the increased intracranial pressure. Reye's syndrome is a good reason to have your child immunised against chickenpox and not give a child aspirin for fever. (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndrome, scalded skin | See Scalded skin syndrome. (12 Dec 1998) |
| syndrome, shprintzen | Congenital malformation (birth defect) syndrome with cleft palate, heart defect, abnormal face, and learning problems.the condition is also called the velo-cardio-facial (vcf) syndrome. (the velum is the soft palate). Other less frequent features include short stature, small-than-normal head (microcephaly), mental retardation, minor ear anomalies, slender hands and digits, and inguinal hernia. The cause is usually a microdeletion in chromosome band 22q11.2, just as in digeorge syndrome. Shprintzen and digeorge syndromes are different clinical expressions of essentially the same chromosome defect. Syndrome, stein-leventhal: known descriptively as polycystic ovarian disease (pco), this syndrome is basically an hormonal problem that causes women to have a variety of symptoms including irregular or no periods, acne, obesity and excessive hair growth. Women with pco are at a higher risk for uterine cancer (endometrial cancer), diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. With proper treatment, risks can be minimised. The syndrome is named after the late american gynecologists irving f. Stein, sr. And michael leo leventhal. (12 Dec 1998) |
| amniotic fluid syndrome | <syndrome> Pulmonary embolic phenomena thought to be due to infusion of amniotic fluid containing epithelial squames into maternal blood vessels; shock ensues and sudden death may occur. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| Amsterdam syndrome | <syndrome> A congenital anomaly characterised by impaired development, mental retardation, characteristic facies with snyophrys and hairline well down on forehead, depressed bridge of nose with uptilted tip of nose, small head with low-set ears, and flat spadelike hands with simian crease and short tapering fingers. Synonym: Amsterdam syndrome, Cornelia de Lange syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| androgenital syndrome | <syndrome> A genetic disorder present at birth characterised by a deficiency of the hormones aldosterone and cortisol and an overproduction of male sex hormones (androgens). In males this may manifest as enlarged penis, small testes and early development of masculine characteristics. In females features include ambiguous genitalia, failure to menstruate, deep voice and excessive hair. (27 Sep 1997) |
| angelman syndrome | <syndrome> A dysmorphic mental retardation syndrome, that has generated considerable interest in human genetics as a prototypic example of genomic imprinting in man. Usually a sporadic disorder, it is characterised by profound intellectual deficiency, a striking puppet-like ataxic gait and facial features, paroxysmal laughter and seizures. These features are responsible for its alternative designation as happy puppet syndrome. An interstitial deletion at chromosome band 15q12 was identified and can be detected in a large proportion of cases and the defect is linked to the GABA receptor gene. Chromosome haplotyping will always reveal the deletion to be carried on the maternally-derived chromosome 15, alternatively, Angelman syndrome can be caused by uniparental disomy for the paternal chromosome 15. In both cases, this suggests that Angelman syndrome results from loss or disruption of a gene (or genes) on chromosome 15 that must be inherited through the maternal gamete in order to be properly expressed. The opposite phenomenon is seen in the Prader-Willi syndrome, in which a deletion of a nearby region on chromosome 15q is found on the paternally-derived chromosome, or there can be uniparental disomy for the maternally derived chromosome. Thus, both disorders seem to represent examples of genes which are subject to imprinting. (16 Dec 1997) |
| Angelucci's syndrome | <syndrome> Extreme excitability, vasomotor disturbances, and palpitation associated with vernal conjunctivitis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| angio-osteohypertrophy syndrome | <syndrome> A congenital malformation syndrome characterised by the triad of asymmetric limb hypertrophy, haemangiomata, and nevi. Asymmetric limb hypertrophy is enlargement of one limb and not the corresponding limb on the other side, the enlarged limb being 3 times more likely to be a leg than an arm in ktw; and the limb enlargement is of bone as well as soft tissue. The haemangiomas, abnormal nests of blood vessels that proliferate inappropriately and excessively, cover a remarkable range from small innocuous capillary haemangiomas ( strawberry marks ) to huge cavernous haemangiomas. The nevi are pigmented moles on the skin; in ktw there are often also dark linear streaks on the skin, streaks due to too much pigment. There can be other abnormalities but the triad is the consistent clinical centrepiece of the disease. most persons with ktw have an enlarged leg and do relatively well without treatment or, for example, with only compression from an elastic stocking. Skin ulcers and other skin problems can occur over the swollen leg. Usually, the treatment is conservative. Surgery is almost never needed. The only possible exceptions are the very rare situations in which the leg reaches gigantic proportions or secondary clotting difficulties arise (due to trapping and destruction of blood platelets in a huge haemangioma). Then, amputation may become necessary. The cause of ktw syndrome is unknown. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ankyloglossia superior syndrome | <syndrome> A congenital condition in which the tongue adheres to the hard palate; no evidence of genetic factors. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anorectal syndrome | <syndrome> Soreness, burning, itching, or other irritation of the rectum together with redness about the anus, and sometimes accompanied by diarrhoea, occurring as a toxic effect of the oral administration of certain broad spectrum antibiotics. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anterior chamber cleavage syndrome | <syndrome> A congenital disorder originating from faulty separation of embryonic structures; it results in bilateral central corneal opacities, with an anterior ring attachment of the iridic pupillary border and anterior polar cataracts; associated with short-limbed dwarfism; autosomal dominant inheritance. See: iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. Synonym: Peters' anomaly. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anterior compartment syndrome | <syndrome> Rapid swelling, increased tension, pain, and ischemic necrosis of the muscles of the anterior tibial compartment of the leg, often following excessive exertion. (12 Dec 1998) |
| anterior tibial compartment syndrome | <syndrome> Ischemic necrosis of the muscles of the anterior tibial compartment of the leg, presumed due to compression of arteries by swollen muscles following unaccustomed exertion. (05 Mar 2000) |
| antibody deficiency syndrome | <syndrome> Any of a group of disorders associated with a defective antibody production due to defects in the B-type lymphocyte system or in T-type lymphocytes; chief manifestation is an increased susceptibility to infection by various microorganisms. See: agammaglobulinaemia, hypogammaglobulinaemia, immunodeficiency. Synonym: antibody deficiency disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| antiphospholipid antibody syndrome | <syndrome> An immune disorder characterised by the presence of abnormal antibodies in the blood associated with certain medical conditions including abnormal blood clotting, migraine headaches, premature miscarriage, and low blood platelet counts (thrombocytopenia). (12 Dec 1998) |
| antiphospholipid syndrome | <immunology, syndrome> An uncommon disorder that is characterised by hypercoagulability due to the presence of antibodies against phospholipids. These patients exhibit a tendency for recurrent and life-threatening thrombosis and embolic events (for example stroke). Individuals with antiphospholipid syndrome also have an increased tendency toward deep venous thrombosis, myocardial infarction and spontaneous abortions in females. Antiphospholipid syndrome may be seen by itself or in association with other autoimmune illnesses (for example lupus) or with some infections. Treatment includes long-term heparin and warfarin. (13 Jan 1998) |
| Anton's syndrome | <syndrome> In cortical blindness, lack of awareness of being blind. (05 Mar 2000) |
| syndrome |
A set of symptoms which occur together: extended symptoms or involvement.
출처: www.rehabdesigns.com/medical_terms.htm
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| syndrome |
The particular collection of physical features or characteristics in an individual which help to identify or characterise a genetic abnormality. A group of symptoms, occurring together, which characterise a disease.
출처: www.agsa-geneticsupport.org.au/glossary.html
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| syndrome |
A syndrome is
출처: www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/children/services/cleft/heal...
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| syndrome X |
Also known as the metabolic syndrome, with insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension as its hallmarks. Patients have visceral obesity. The cardiologic syndrome X is microvascular angina. The link between the two syndromes may be insulin resistance (see Metabolic Syndrome)
출처: www.lipoprofile.com/control.cfm
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| syndrome |
A collection of symptoms that characterize a specific disease or condition.
출처: www.painconnection.org/MyTreatment/MayoClinic_glos...
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