| 영문 | TNM staging system | 한글 | 종양병기분류계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 종양의 병기(stage)를 결정하는 한 방법. T는 Tumor(종양)를 뜻하며 원발병터의 크기, 주위조직으로의 침윤정도 등에 따라 T1, T2, T3, T4(숫자가 높을 수록 주위로 침윤이 많다) 등으로 나눈다. N은 Node(림프절)를 뜻하며 침범된 림프절의 갯수, 크기, 위치 등에 따라 N1, N2, N3 등으로 나눈다. M은 Metastasis(전이)를 뜻하며 원격전이의 유무에 따라 M0, M1 등으로 나눈다. 이상의 방법으로 T, N, M이 결정되면 이들을 조합하여 최종적인 병기를 결정한다. 이렇게 결정된 병기는 치료 방침 결정과 예후 판단에 매우 중요하다. |
||
| 영문 | central nervous system(CNS) | 한글 | 중추신경계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경계는 중추신경계와 말초신경계로 분류할 수가 있다. 중추신경계란 뇌와 척수로 구성되어 있는 신경계를 이르는 말이다. 말초신경계란 이 이외의 모든 신경계를 이르는 말이다. |
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| AI | accidental injury; accidentally incurred; adiposity index; aggregation index; allergy and immunology... |
|---|---|
| AICE | angiotensin I converting enzyme |
| ALS | acute lateral sclerosis; advanced life support; afferent loop syndrome; amyotrophic lateral sclerosi... |
| Ang GR | angiotensin generation rate |
| AST | allergy serum transfer; angiotensin sensitivity test; anterior spinothalamic tract; antistreptolysin... |
| masticatory system | The organs and structures primarily functioning in mastication: the jaws, teeth with their supporting structures, temporomandibular joint, muscles of mastication, tongue, lips, cheeks, and oral mucosa. Synonym: dental apparatus, masticatory apparatus. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| redox system | <enzyme> An enzyme system in the tissues by which oxidation and reduction proceed simultaneously through the transference of hydrogen or of one or more electrons from one metabolite to another. See: oxidation-reduction. Synonym: redox system. (05 Mar 2000) |
| vestibular system | <anatomy> The organ of the inner ear containing several three semicircular ducts at right angles to one another, helps keep the body balanced. (09 Oct 1997) |
| caudal neurosecretory system | urohypophysis |
| glandular system | All the glands of the body collectively. (05 Mar 2000) |
| visceral nervous system | <anatomy> Neurons that are not under conscious control, comprising two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g., of the gut), and glands. The autonomic nervous system has two divisions: 1. The sympathetic nervous system that accelerates the heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and raises blood pressure. 2. The parasympathetic nervous system slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles. (03 Jul 1999) |
| reminder system | <psychology> Systems used to prompt or aid the memory. The systems can be computerised reminders, colour coding, telephone calls, or devices such as letters and postcards. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cell-free system | <cell culture, molecular biology> Any system in which a normal cellular reaction is reconstituted in the absence of cells for example in vitro translation systems that will synthesise protein from mRNA using a lysate of rabbit reticulocytes or wheat germ. A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (12 Dec 1998) |
| renal portal system | An arterial portal system, in which efferent glomerular arterioles receive blood from the capillaries of the renal glomeruli and carry it to the peritubular capillary plexus surrounding the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Synonym: hypothalamohypophysial portal system. (05 Mar 2000) |
| p blood-group system | A blood group related to the abo, lewis and I systems. at least five different erythrocyte antigens are possible, some very rare, others almost universal. Multiple alleles are involved in this blood group. (12 Dec 1998) |
| centimeter-gram-second system | The scientific system of expressing the fundamental physical units of length, mass, and time, and those units derived from them, in centimeters, grams, and seconds; currently being replaced by the International System of Units based on the meter, kilogram, and second. (05 Mar 2000) |
| reproductive system | In women, the organs that are directly involved in producing eggs and in conceiving and carrying babies. (12 Dec 1998) |
| pedal system | Efferent fibres connecting the forebrain with more caudal structures. (05 Mar 2000) |
| central nervous system | <anatomy, neurology> Pertaining to the brain, cranial nerves and spinal cord. It does not include muscles or peripheral nerves. In invertebrates, the central nervous system is composed of the segmental ganglia of the ventral nerve cord together with the fused ganglia or brain at the anterior end. Acronym: CNS (12 Jan 1998) |
| central nervous system agents | A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms. They can be divided into "specific" agents, e.g., affecting an identifiable molecular mechanism unique to target cells bearing receptors for that agent, and "non-specific" agents, those producing effects on different target cells and acting by diverse molecular mechanisms. Those with non-specific mechanisms are generally further classed according to whether they produce behavioural depression or stimulation. Those with specific mechanisms are classed by locus of action or specific therapeutic use. (12 Dec 1998) |