| LM | lactic acid mineral [medium]; lactose malabsorption; laryngeal mask; laryngeal muscle; lateral malle... |
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| MG | Marcus Gunn [pupil]; margin; medial gastrocnemius [muscle]; membranous glomerulonephritis; menopausa... |
| MS | Maffuci syndrome; maladjustment score; mandibular series; Marfan syndrome; Marie-Strumpell [syndrome... |
| PM | after death (Lat. post mortem); after noon [Lat. post meridiem]; mean pressure; pacemaker; pantomogr... |
| ALD | Adreno-Leuko-Dystrophy |
| ophthalmoplegia, chronic progressive external | One of the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies characterised by slowly progressive paralysis of the extraocular muscles. Muscle biopsies disclose the characteristic ragged red fibres and large numbers of mitochondria with deleted DNA. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| ovine progressive pneumonia | A chronic, progressive, contagious interstitial pneumonitis of sheep in Europe and the U.S. Caused by a "slow virus" (family Lentiviridae); it is now believed that maedi and visna are two histopathological and clinical manifestations of the same viral infection. Synonym: ovine progressive pneumonia. Origin: Icelandic, dyspnea (05 Mar 2000) |
| traumatic progressive encephalopathy | A chronic progressive brain damage resulting from multiple brain injuries, e.g., dementia pugilistica. (05 Mar 2000) |
| essential progressive atrophy of iris | Progressive atrophy of the iris without inflammatory signs, characterised by patchy loss of all layers of the iris with hole formation, migration of the pupil, degeneration of the corneal endothelium, peripheral anterior synechiae, and secondary glaucoma; usually unilateral, predominantly affecting women in their middle years. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lenticular progressive degeneration | <gastroenterology, neurology> An inherited (autosomal recessive) disorder where there is excessive quantities of copper in the tissues, particularly the liver and central nervous system. Wilson's disease causes the body to absorb and retain copper. The copper deposits in the liver, brain, kidneys and eyes. Complications include dementia and liver failure. Symptoms include jaundice, vomiting, tremors, weakness and slow stiff movements. Blood tests show serum ceruloplasmin is low. Medications are given to remove the excess copper from the body. Even with life-long treatment, disabling (and life-threatening) side effects are common. Inheritance: autosomal recessive. (27 Sep 1997) |
| leukoencephalopathy, progressive multifocal | Rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system which develops in immunocompromised patients secondary to lymphoproliferative disease, immunosuppressive therapy, autoimmune disorders, or aids. It is caused by the jc virus, a polyomavirus. (12 Dec 1998) |
| adiposogenital dystrophy | A disorder characterised primarily by obesity and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in adolescent boys; dwarfism is rare, and when present is thought to reflect hypothyroidism. Visual loss, behavioural abnormalities, and diabetes insipidus may occur. Frohlich's syndrome often is used synonymously for this disorder, although the original case involved a pituitary tumour; most cases are thought to result from hypothalamic dysfunction in areas regulating appetite and gonadal development. The most common causes are pituitary and hypothalamic neoplasms. Synonym: adiposis orchica, adiposogenital degeneration, adiposogenital dystrophy, adiposogenital syndrome, hypophysial syndrome, hypothalamic obesity with hypogonadism. Origin: L. Fr. G. Dys-, bad, + trophe, nourishment (05 Mar 2000) |
| adult pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy | Muscular dystrophy of late onset, often in the second or third decade, with relatively mild course; X-linked recessive inheritance; perhaps allelic with Duchenne's dystrophy, but milder and not a genetic lethal. Compare: Duchenne dystrophy. Synonym: Becker type tardive muscular dystrophy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Barnes' dystrophy | A rare type of muscular dystrophy, in which muscles are often hypertrophic and stronger than normal, but later become weak and atrophic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Becker's muscular dystrophy | An X-linked inherited disorder characterised by slowly progressive muscle weakness of the legs and pelvis. Other symptoms and findings include increased difficulty walking, intellectual retardation, fatigue and pseudohypertrophy of the calf muscles. (27 Sep 1997) |
| Becker type muscular dystrophy | A muscular dystrophy that has many of the clinical features of Duchenne muscular dystrophy e.g., symmetrical involvement of first the pelvicrural muscles and then the pectoral girdle and proximal upper extremity muscles; pseudohypertrophy, especially of the calf muscles but with a much later age of onset (35-45 years), and more benign course. X-linked inheritance. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Becker type tardive muscular dystrophy | Muscular dystrophy of late onset, often in the second or third decade, with relatively mild course; X-linked recessive inheritance; perhaps allelic with Duchenne's dystrophy, but milder and not a genetic lethal. Compare: Duchenne dystrophy. Synonym: Becker type tardive muscular dystrophy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| benign pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy | <neurology> An X-linked inherited disorder characterised by slowly progressive muscle weakness of the legs and pelvis. Other symptoms and findings include increased difficulty walking, intellectual retardation, fatigue and pseudohypertrophy of the calf muscles. (06 Aug 1998) |
| macular dystrophy | A group of disorders involving predominately the posterior portion of the ocular fundus, due to degeneration in the sensory layer of the retina, retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane, choroid, or a combination of these tissues. See: Stargardt's disease, Best's disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy | Fingerprint dystrophy accompanied by map-like patterns and microcystic epithelial inclusions. (05 Mar 2000) |