| parathyroid g.’s |
small bodies apposed to the posterior surface of the thyroid gland, developed from the endoderm of the branchial clefts, occurring in a variable number of pairs, commonly two (glandula parathyroidea inferior and glandula parathyroidea superior [TA]) (see inset on Plate 19). The parenchyma comprises masses and cords of epithelial cells, which have been divided into two main types: chief cells and oxyphil cells, but intermediate forms exist. The chief cells secrete parathyroid hormone, a major regulator of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Called also Gley's glands, Sandström's bodies, parathyroids, and epithelial or parathyroid bodies.
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| parathyroid h. |
a polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the parathyroid glands. It promotes release of calcium from bone to extracellular fluid by activating osteoclasts and inhibiting osteoblasts, indirectly promotes increased intestinal absorption of calcium, promotes renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and increased renal excretion of phosphates, and is a major regulator of bone metabolism. Secretion of parathyroid hormone increases when the level of calcium in the extracellular fluid is low. Its action is opposed by that of calcitonin. Called also parathormone and parathyrin.
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| parathyroid hormone–like p. |
a peptide somewhat homologous to parathyroid hormone at its amino terminus; it is secreted by certain types of cancer cells and causes hypercalcemia, apparently by acting on the parathyroid receptor, stimulating adenylate cyclase, increasing bone resorption, and inhibiting bone formation. Called also parathyroid hormone–like protein.
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| parathyroid i. |
hypoparathyroidism.
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| parathyroid o. |
o. fibrosa cystica.
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