| nitrite | <chemistry> A salt of nitrous acid. Amyl nitrite, a yellow oily volatile liquid, used in medicine as a depressant and a vaso-dilator. Its inhalation produces an instantaneous flushing of the face. Origin: Cf. F. Nitrite. See Niter. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
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| nitrite dehydrogenase | <enzyme> Nitrobacter enzyme oxidises nitrite to nitrate with reduction of o2 to water by intermolecular oxygen atom transfer; not the same as nitrate reductase Registry number: EC 1.7.3.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| nitrite reductases | <enzyme> A group of enzymes that oxidise diverse nitrogenous substances to yield nitrite. Registry number: EC 1. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nitrites | Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group no2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type mno2 (where m=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nitritoid reaction | A severe reaction resembling that following the administration of nitrites, sometimes following intravenous administration of arsphenamine or other drugs; consists of flushing of the face, oedema of the tongue and lips, vomiting, profuse sweating, a fall in blood pressure, and sometimes death. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nitrituria | The presence of nitrites in the urine, as a result of the action of Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and other microorganisms that may reduce nitrates. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nitro dye | <chemical> Dye's in which the chromophore is -NO2, which is so acidic that all dyes in this group are of the acid type; important examples in cytoplasmic staining are picric acid and naphthol yellow S. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nitro- | 1. <prefix> A combining form or an adjective denoting the presence of niter. 2. <chemistry> A combining form (used also adjectively) designating certain compounds of nitrogen or of its acids, as nitrohydrochloric, nitrocalcite; also, designating the group or radical NO2, or its compounds, as nitrobenzene. Nitro group, the radical NO2. Synonym: nitroxyl. (29 Oct 1998) |
| nitroacetophenone reductase | <enzyme> Reduces keto group, requires NADPH Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| nitroalkane oxidase | <enzyme> Catalyses the conversion of oxygen and nitroalkane to hydrogen peroxide, aldehyde, and nitrite Registry number: EC 1.7.3.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| nitroanisole o-demethylase | <enzyme> Oxidative enzyme which transforms p-nitroanisole into p-nitrophenol. Registry number: EC 1.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| nitroarginine | <chemical> An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (neurochem res 1995:200(4):451-6) Pharmacological action: enzyme inhibitors. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nitrobacter | A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that oxidises nitrites to nitrates. Its organisms occur in aerobic environments where organic matter is being mineralised. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nitrobacteraceae | A family of gram-negative bacteria which derive energy from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite or nitrite to nitrate. Its organisms are commonly found in soil and fresh water. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nitrobenzene | <chemistry> A yellow aromatic liquid (C6H5.NO2), produced by the action of nitric acid on benzene, and called from its odour imitation oil of bitter almonds, or essence of mirbane. It is used in perfumery, and is manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline. Fornerly Synonym: nitrobenzol. Origin: Nitro- + benzene. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |