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¿µ¹® intelligence test ÇÑ±Û Áö´É°Ë»ç
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  1905³â ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÇ ºñ³×°¡ Á¤½Å¹Ú¾à¾Æ¸¦ ÀϹݾƵ¿À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÆÇº°Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ °ÍÀÌ Áö´É°Ë»çÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀÌ´Ù. Áö´É°Ë»ç´Â ±×ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀϹÝÀû Áö´É°Ë»ç¿Í Áø´Ü¿ë Áö´É°Ë»ç·Î ³ª´²Áö°í, ½Ç½Ã¹æ¹ý¿¡¼­ °³Àοë(°³º°½Ä)°ú Áý´Ü¿ë(´Üü½Ä)À¸·Î ºÐ·ùµÇ°í ¶Ç ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ð¾î¼º°Ë»ç(A½Ä ¶Ç´Â ¥á½Ä)¿Í ºñ¾ð¾î¼º°Ë»ç(B½Ä ¥â½Ä)·Î ³ª´²Áø´Ù. Áö´É°Ë»çÀÇ °á°úÀǠǥ½Ã¹ýÀº Á¤½Å¿¬·É(mental age, MA), Áö´ÉÁö¼ö(intelligence quotient, IQ), Áö´ÉÆíÂ÷Ä¡(intelligence standard score, ISS)µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Áö´É°Ë»ç¿¡´Â ¿ª»çÀûÀ¸·Î ºñ³×½Ä°ú À°±º½ÄÀÇ µÎ °èÅëÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ºñ³×½ÄÀº °Ë»çÀÚ°¡ °³º°ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÑ °³ ¹®Ç×¾¿ Áú¹®À» Çϸé ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Çǰ˻çÀÚ°¡ ¸»À̳ª ÇൿÀ¸·Î ÀÀ´äÇϴ ¹æ¹ý(°³º°½Ä-¹®´ä½Ä)À̰í, À°±º½ÄÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀΠ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î´Â ÀμâµÈ ¹®Á¦¿ëÁö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Çǰ˻çÀÚ°¡ ¼ÒÁ¤ÀÇ ½Ã°£ ³»¿¡ µÇµµ·Ï ¸¹ÀÌ ¹Ù¸£°Ô(½Ã°£Á¦Çѹý) È¸´äÀ» ±âÀÔÇÑ´Ù(Çʱâ¹ý). Çѱ¹ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Áö´É°Ë»ç´Â 1954³â ¼­¿ï´ëÇб³ »ç¹ü´ëÇР±³À°½É¸®¿¬±¸½Ç¿¡¼­ Á¦ÀÛÇÑ °£Æí Áö´É°Ë»çÀÌ´Ù. °£Æí Áö´É°Ë»ç ÀÌÈÄ ´Ù¼öÀÇ Áý´Ü Áö´É°Ë»ç°¡ ÃâÇöÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥ ºñ±³Àû ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ Ç¥ÁØÈ­µÈ Áö´É°Ë»ç·Î´Â Çѱ¹Çൿ°úÇבּ¸¼Ò°¡ 1984³â¿¡ Àü±¹ °íµîÇб³ ÇлýÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î Á¦ÀÛÇÑ KIT-S Áö´É°Ë»ç°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
¿µ¹® patch test ÇÑ±Û Ã¸Æ÷°Ë»ç
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¿µ¹® hearing test ÇÑ±Û Ã»·Â°Ë»ç
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¿µ¹® Coombs test ÇÑ±Û Å©¿òÁî°Ë»ç
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¿µ¹® tuberculin test ÇÑ±Û Æ©º£¸£Ä𸰰˻ç
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  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • skin slough
    ÇǺεüÁö
  • skin sparing
    ÇǺκ¸Á¸
  • skin tag
    ÁãÁ¥
  • skin tension line
    ÇǺαäÀå¼±
  • skin vascular permeability factor
    ÇǺÎÇ÷°üÅõ°úÀÎÀÚ
  • temperature-dependent skin disorder
    ¿ÂµµÀÇÁ¸ÇǺκ´
  • target skin distance
    Ç¥ÀûÇǺΰŸ®
  • antigen
    Ç׿ø
  • antigen analysis
    Ç׿øºÐ¼®
  • antigen binding capacity
    Ç׿ø°áÇÕ´É
  • antigen binding fragment
    Ç׿ø°áÇÕºÎÀ§
  • antigen binding receptor
    Ç׿ø°áÇÕ¼ö¿ëü
  • antigen capture assay
    Ç׿øÆ÷È¹ÃøÁ¤
  • antigen competition
    Ç׿ø°æÀï
  • antigen diffusion constant
    Ç׿øÈ®»ê»ó¼ö
´ëÇÑÀÇÇù Çʼö ÀÇÇпë¾îÁý »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 4
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • D-xylose test
    Å©½Ç·Î¿À½º°Ë»ç
  • dip-stick test
    ¿ä½ÃÇèÁö°Ë»ç
  • estrogen challenge test
    ¿©¼ºÈ£¸£¸óºÎÇϰ˻ç
  • flashlight swinging test
    ±³´ëºÒºû°Ë»ç
  • glucose tolerance test
    ´çºÎÇϰ˻ç
  • guaiac test
    ÀáÇ÷°Ë»ç
  • Ham's test
    Çܰ˻ç
  • hemagglutination test
    Ç÷±¸ÀÀÁý½ÃÇè, Ç÷±¸ÀÀÁý°Ë»ç
  • HPV test
    (¢¡human papilloma virus test) »ç¶÷À¯µÎÁ¾¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º°Ë»ç
  • human papilloma virus test
    »ç¶÷À¯µÎÁ¾¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º°Ë»ç
  • inhibition test
    ¾ïÁ¦°Ë»ç
  • intelligence test
    Áö´É°Ë»ç
  • intradermal test
    Çdz»°Ë»ç, Çdz»¹ÝÀÀ°Ë»ç
  • metacholine challenge test
    ¸ÞŸÄݸ°À¯¹ß°Ë»ç
  • NBT test
    (¢¡nitroblue tetrazolium test) ´ÏÆ®·Îºí·çÅׯ®¶óÁ¹·ý°Ë»ç
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  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • pedicle flap skin
    ÁÙ±âÇÇºÎÆÇ, À¯°æÇÇºÎÆÇ
  • peeling skin syndrome
    ÇǺιڸ®ÁõÈıº
  • skin reaction
    (¢¡cutaneous reaction) ÇǺιÝÀÀ
  • skin reflex
    ÇǺιݻç
  • skin retinaculum
    ÇǺÎÁöÁö¶ì
  • target skin distance radiation
    Ç¥ÀûÇǺΰŸ®¹æ»ç¼±
  • triple skin reaction
    »ïÁßÇǺιÝÀÀ
  • skin
    ÇǺÎ
  • sailor¡¯s skin
    (¢¡actinic elastosis) ±¤¼±Åº·Â¼¶À¯Áõ
  • scalded skin syndrome
    È­»óÇǺÎÁõÈıº
  • skin scraping
    ÇǺÎÂû°ú
  • skin sensitization
    ÇǺιΰ¨
  • skin slough
    ÇǺεüÁö
  • skin smear
    ÇǺιٸ¥Ç¥º»
  • skin sparing
    ÇǺκ¸Á¸
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  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • D antigen
    D Ç׿ø
  • D antigen
    DÇ׿ø
  • D-related antigen
    D-°ü·ÃÇ׿ø
  • DP antigen
    DPÇ׿ø
  • DQ antigen
    DQÇ׿ø
  • DR antigen
    DRÇ׿ø
  • Diego antigen
    µð¿¡°íÇ׿ø
  • EB nuclear antigen(EBNA0
    EB ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ÇÙÇ׿ø
  • EB nuclear antigen (EBNA)
    EB¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ÇÙÇ׿ø
  • EBV capsid antigen
    EB¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ĸ½Ãµå Ç׿ø
  • EBV capsid antigen (VCA)
    EB¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ĸ½ÃµåÇ׿ø
  • EBV membrane antigen
    EB¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ¸·Ç׿ø
  • EBV membrane antigen (MA)
    EB¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ¸·Ç׿ø
  • Forssman antigen
    Æ÷½º¸¸Ç׿ø
  • Fy antigen/antibody
    Fy Ç׿ø/Ç×ü
¿¾ ´ëÇÑÀÇÇù 3 ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 4
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • short increment sensitivity index test [=SISI test
    ¹Ì¼¼Áõ°¡°¨¼ºÁö¼ö°Ë»ç
  • test, difference limen [=DL test]
    ÆÇº°¿ªÄ¡°Ë»ç
  • venereal disease research laboratory test =VDRL test
    ¼ºº´¿¬±¸¼Ò½ÄÅ×½ºÆ®.
  • venereal disease research laboratory test =VDRL test
    ¼ºº´¿¬±¸¼Ò½ÄÅ×½ºÆ®.
  • abdominal skin reflex
    º¹ºÎÇǺιݻç(ÜÙÝ»ù«Ý±ÚãÞÒ).
  • allergic skin disease
    ¾Ë·¹¸£±â(¼º)ÇǺΠÁúȯ
  • allergic skin disease
    ¾Ë·¹¸£±â[¼º] ÇǺκ´
  • angry back syndrome => excited skin syndrome
  • antibody, skin sensitizing
    ÇǺΰ¨ÀÛÇ×ü
  • appendages of skin
    ÇǺκμӹ°
  • artificial skin
    ÀΰøÇǺÎ(¡­ù«Ý±).
  • artificial skin
    ÀΰøÇǺÎ(¡­ù«Ý±)
  • artificial skin graft
    Àΰø ÇǺÎÀ̽Ä
  • audiometry, galvanic skin response =GSR-a.
    ÇǺÎÀü±â¹ÝÀÀ û·Â°Ë»ç
  • bronze skin
    ûµ¿»öÇǺÎ(¡­ù«Ý±)
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  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • tissue polypeptide antigen
    Á¶Á÷(ðÚòÄ)Æú¸®ÆéŸÀ̵å Ç׿ø (ù÷ê«)
  • tolerogenic antigen
    ³»¼º»ý¼º Ç׿ø (Ò±àõßæà÷ù÷ê«)
  • transplantation antigen
    ÀÌ½Ä Ç׿ø(ì¹ãÕù÷ê«)
  • tumor antigen
    Á¾¾çÇ׿ø(ðþåËù÷ê«)
  • tumor-specific transplantation antigen
    Á¾¾çƯÀÌ ÀÌ½Ä Ç׿ø(ðþåË÷åì¶ì¹ãÕù÷ê«)
  • type-specific antigen
    ÇüƯÀÌ Ç׿ø(úþ÷åì¶ù÷ê«)
  • V antigen
    V Ç׿ø(ù÷ê«)
  • Vi antigen
    Vi Ç׿ø (ù÷ê«)
  • virus antigen
    ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º Ç׿ø (ù÷ê«)
  • acrolein test
    ¾ÆÅ©·Ñ·¹ÀνÃÇè (ãËúÐ)
  • acute test
    ´Ü·® µ¶¼º½ÃÇè (Ó¤ÕáÔ¸àõãËúÐ)
  • adrenaline tolerance test
    ¾Æµå·¹³¯¸° ºÎÇϽÃÇè(ݶùÃãËúÐ)
  • albustix test
    ¾ËºÎ½ºÆ½½º½ÃÇè(ãËúÐ)
  • Ames test
    ¿¡ÀÓÁî °Ë»ç¹ý
  • antiglobulin consumption test
    Ç×(ù÷)±Û·ÎºÒ¸° ¼Ò¸ð½ÃÇè(á¼ÙÄãËúÐ)
KI ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 1 ÆäÀÌÁö: 4
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • vestibular function test
    ÀüÁ¤±â´É°Ë»ç
KMLE ÀÇÇоà¾î »çÀü À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 5 ÆäÀÌÁö: 4
JP drain The original suction drain. The drain itself is inside the body. It is made of Teflon and has multip...
Bz-Ty-PABA test N-Benzoyl-L-Tyrosyl-p-Amino-Benzoic Acid test
  = Bentiromide test
  = Tr...
DAT delayed-action tablet; dementia Alzheimer's type; dental aptitude test; diacetylthiamine; diet as to...
IT immunological test; immunotherapy; implantation test; individual therapy; information technology; in...
LFT latex fixation test; latex flocculation test; left fronto-transverse [fetal position]; liver functio...
KMLE ÀÚµ¿ÃßÃâ ÀÇÇоà¾î »çÀü À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 5 ÆäÀÌÁö: 4
GSF Genital skin fibroblast
HSF Human Skin Fibroblasts
IPPSF isolated perfused porcine skin flap
LSE Living Skin Equivalent
MLS Microphthalmia with linear skin defects
°æºÏ´ë Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­³»°ú ±³½Ç »çÀü À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 4
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
    ¼³¸í
  • nuclear antigen
    ÇÙ Ç׿ø
  • pancreatic oncofetal antigen
    ÃéÀåÀÇ Å¾Ƽº ¾Ï Ç׿ø
  • pollen antigen
    ²É°¡·ç Ç׿ø, È­ºÐ Ç׿ø
  • polyvalent antigen
    ´Ù°¡ Ç׿ø
  • self antigen
    ÀÚ±â Ç׿ø
  • somatic antigen
    ±Õü Ç׿ø, ü¼¼Æ÷ Ç׿ø
  • tumor associated antigen
    ¾Ï °ü·Ã Ç׿ø
    ÀϺÎÀÇ Á¤»ó ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­¸¸ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸³ª ¾Ï ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­µµ ¸¹Àº ¹üÀ§¿¡¼­ ¹ßÇöµÈ Ç׿ø, Á¤»ó ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­´Â ¹Ì·®ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϳª ¾Ï ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­´Â ´Ù·®ÀÌ °ËÃâµÇ´Â Ç׿ø, ±×·¯³ª °áÄÚ ¾Ï ƯÀÌÀûÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¼ºÁúÀÇ Ç׿ø.
  • viral capsid antigen
    ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ĸ½Ãµå Ç׿ø, ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¼º ĸ½Ãµå Ç׿ø
  • virus bound antigen
    ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º °áÇÕ Ç׿ø
  • virus-specific surface antigen
    ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ƯÀ̼º Ç¥¸é Ç׿ø ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º
  • zone of antigen excess
    Ç׿ø °úÀ×´ë
    ºñ±³Àû °í³óµµÀÇ Ç׿ø´ë·Î¼­ ħ°­¹ÝÀÀ¿¡¼­ °¡¿ë¼º º¹ÇÕü°¡ Çü¼ºµÇ¸ç ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ¾ïÁ¦µÈ´Ù.
  • abdominal skin reflex
    º¹ºÎ ÇǺΠ¹Ý»ç
    º¹º®À» Á߾Ӻο¡¼­ ¿ÜÃøÀ» ÇâÇØ¼­ ¼±»óÀ¸·Î ¹®Áö¸£¸é º¹±Ù, ƯÈ÷ ¿Üº¹»ç±ÙÀÌ ¼öÃàÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â Çö»ó. ¹Ý»ç ÁßÃß´Â T7¿¡¼­ T12¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ý»ç±ÃÀÇ ÀϺδ ´ë³ú¸¦ Åë°úÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¹ß¼º °æÈ­ÁõÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÀÌ ¹Ý»ç°¡ ¼Ò½ÇµÇ¸é, ÁÖü·ÎÀÇ Àå¾Ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °¨¼Ò, ¼Ò½ÇµÈ´Ù. °Ç°­ÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ôµµ º¹º®ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ÏÀÚ, Áö¹æ °ú´Ù, ³ëÀÎ, À¯¾Æ µî¿¡¼­ °á¿©µÇ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
  • atrophic skin
    À§Ã༺ ÇǺÎ
  • bullous skin disease
    ¼öÆ÷¼º ÇǺΠÁúȯ
  • chapping of skin
    ÇǺΠ±Õ¿­
CancerWEB ¿µ¿µ ÀÇÇлçÀü À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 4
primary macular atrophy of skin Atrophoderma in which the skin becomes bag like and wrinkled.
Synonym: atrophia maculosa varioliformis cutis, atrophoderma maculatum, macular atrophy, primary idiopathic macular atrophy, primary macular atrophy of skin.
Origin: G. Anetos, relaxed, + derma, skin
(05 Mar 2000)
primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin A rare malignant cutaneous tumour seen in sun-exposed skin of elderly patients composed of dermal nodules of small round cells with scanty cytoplasm in a trabecular pattern; the tumour cells contain cytoplasmic dense core granules resembling neurosecretory granules seen in Merkel cells.
Synonym: primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, trabecular carcinoma.
(05 Mar 2000)
primary skin graft A skin graft transferred immediately after the creation of a raw area.
(05 Mar 2000)
sailor's skin Dry, wrinkled skin with presence of dry premalignant keratoses; observed most commonly in fair-skinned, blue-eyed persons who are exposed by occupation or sport to sunshine for prolonged periods and over many years.
Synonym: golfer's skin, sailor's skin.
(05 Mar 2000)
scalded skin syndrome <syndrome> A potentially serious side effect of infection with the staph (staphylococcus) bacteria that produces a specific protein which loosens the cement holding the various layers of the skin together. This allows blister formation and sloughing of the top layer of skin. If it occurs over large body regions it can be deadly (just like a large surface area of the body having been burned). It is necessary to treat scalded skin syndrome with intravenous antibiotics and to protect the skin from allowing dehydration to occur if large areas peel off. The disease occurs predominantly in children under 5 years of age. It is known formally as staphyloccoccal scalded skin syndrome and as ritter disease.
(12 Dec 1998)
hidden nail skin 1. The thin, condensed, eleidin-rich layer of epidermis which procedes and initially covers the nail plate in the embryo. It normally degenerates by the eighth month except at the nail base where it remains as the cuticle of the nail.
2. The corneal layer of epidermis overlapping and in direct contact with the nail root proximally or the sides of the nail plate laterally, forming the undersurface of the nail wall or nail folds of nail.
Synonym: hidden nail skin, perionychium.
3. The thin skin adherent to the nail at its proximal portion.
Synonym: epionychium.
Origin: G. Epi, upon, + onyx (onych-), nail
(05 Mar 2000)
pupillary-skin reflex Dilation of the pupil following scratching of the skin of the neck.
Synonym: ciliospinal reflex, cutaneous pupil reflex, cutaneous-pupillary reflex, skin-pupillary reflex.
(05 Mar 2000)
sex skin The skin of the genital regions of the Macaca mulatta and other primates which becomes hyperaemic during estrus; at the same time the dermis becomes gelatinous and the epidermis thickened.
(05 Mar 2000)
shagreen skin An oval-shaped nevoid plaque, skin-coloured or occasionally pigmented, smooth or crinkled, appearing on the trunk or lower back in early childhood; sometimes seen with other signs of tuberous sclerosis.
Synonym: shagreen patch.
(05 Mar 2000)
skin 1. To strip off the skin or hide of; to flay; to peel; as, to skin an animal.
2. To cover with skin, or as with skin; hence, to cover superficially. "It will but skin and film the ulcerous place." (Shak)
3. To strip of money or property; to cheat.
Origin: Skinned; Skinning.
1. To become covered with skin; as, a wound skins over.
2. To produce, in recitation, examination, etc, the work of another for one's own, or to use in such exercise cribs, memeoranda, etc, which are prohibited.
1. <anatomy> The external membranous integument of an animal.
In man, and the vertebrates generally, the skin consist of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis, cuticle, or skarfskin, composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial, layers; and an inner sensitive, and vascular dermis, cutis, corium, or true skin, composed mostly of connective tissue.
2. The hide of an animal, separated from the body, whether green, dry, or tanned; especially, that of a small animal, as a calf, sheep, or goat.
3. A vessel made of skin, used for holding liquids. See Bottle. "Skins of wine."
4. The bark or husk of a plant or fruit; the exterior coat of fruits and plants.
5. That part of a sail, when furled, which remains on the outside and covers the whole. The covering, as of planking or iron plates, outside the framing, forming the sides and bottom of a vessel; the shell; also, a lining inside the framing. Skin friction, Skin resistance, the friction, or resistance, caused by the tendency of water to adhere to the immersed surface (skin) of a vessel.
<surgery> Skin graft, a small portion of skin used in the process of grafting. See Graft.
<zoology> Skin moth, any insect which destroys the prepared skins of animals, especially the larva of Dermestes and Anthrenus. Skin of the teeth, nothing, or next to nothing; the least possible hold or advantage. Skin wool, wool taken from dead sheep.
Origin: Icel. Skinn; akin to Sw. Skinn, Dan. Skind, AS. Scinn, G. Schined to skin.
Source: Websters Dictionary
(01 Mar 1998)
skin abnormalities Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin.
(12 Dec 1998)
skin aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.
(12 Dec 1998)
skin and connective tissue diseases A collective term for diseases of the skin and its appendages and of connective tissue.
(12 Dec 1998)
skin, artificial Synthetic material used for the treatment of burns and other conditions involving large-scale loss of skin. It often consists of an outer (epidermal) layer of silicone and an inner (dermal) layer of collagen and chondroitin 6-sulfate. The dermal layer elicits new growth and vascular invasion and the outer layer is later removed and replaced by a graft.
(12 Dec 1998)
skin botflies A large, blue, brown-winged species whose larvae develop in open boil-like lesions in the skin of humans, many domestic animals, and some fowl. It is a very serious and damaging cattle parasite and frequently attacks small children in Central and South America. Its eggs are laid on the legs or abdomen of another insect, such as the mosquito; the eggs later hatch, when stimulated by warmth or other factors, to release the botfly larvae on the skin of the mosquito's bloodmeal host, and the larvae quickly invade the skin to initiate myiasis.
Synonym: Dermatobia cyaniventris, human botfly, skin botflies, warble botfly.
(05 Mar 2000)
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