| 영문 | congenital heart disease | 한글 | 선천심장병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 선천적으로 심장의 구조에 이상이 있는 병. |
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| 영문 | venereal disease, sexually transmitted diseases | 한글 | 성병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 보편적으로 성교 또는 성기접촉에 의해 걸리는 접촉 전염병으로 매독, 임질, 무른궤양, 샅굴육아종 등을 말한다. 치료는 원인균에 따른 적절한 항생요법이다. |
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| 영문 | VDRL(venereal disease research laboratory) | 한글 | 성병 연구실험실 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 매독균의 reagin에 대한 항체. 매독의 선별검사로 사용되며 매독 치료에 대한 반응 여부와 치료효과 판정에도 사용된다. 매독외에도 전신성홍반성낭창, 류마티스관절염 등에서도 양성으로 나타날 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | hemolytic disease of newborn | 한글 | 신생아용혈병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신생아에서 적혈구가 비정상적으로 많이 파괴되는 병으로 태아적모구증(erythroblastosis fetalis)와 같은 뜻으로 쓰인다. 이것은 어머니에게서 생산된 신생아나 태아의 적혈구에 대한 항체가 태반을 건너와서 태아의 적혈구와 결합하여서 생기는 용혈성빈혈을 이르는 말. 즉 신생아나 태아의 적혈구의 항체가 어머니의 몸에서 생산이 되고 이것이 태반을 통해서 태아에게 넘어가서 태아의 적혈구와 결합을 하고 이 항체와 결합한 적혈구는 파괴가 되어서 빈혈이 생긴 것을 태아적모구증이라고 한다. 이것은 Rh 적모구증(Rh erythroblastosis)와 ABO 적모구증(ABO erythroblastosis)로 나눌 수가 있다. |
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| 영문 | coronary artery disease | 한글 | 심장동맥병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 심장동맥이란 심장에 혈액을 공급하는 동맥을 말한다. 심장도 다른 근육과 마찬가지로 혈액을 공급받아야 수축을 할 수가 있는 기관으로 심장의 혈액을 공급하는 동맥을 심장동맥이라고 한다. 심장동맥병이란 심장동맥의 내경이 좁아져서 생기는 질환으로 허혈심장병(ischemic heart disease)이라고도 불린다. 관상동맥이 좁아질 경우에는 심장으로 가는 혈액의 양이 적어져서 심장에 충분한 혈액이 공급이 되지 못하므로 여러 가지 병적인 현상이 생긴다. 심장동맥이 좁아지는 데에는 여러 가지 원인이 있을 수가 있으나 주로 심장동맥의 동맥경화증에 의한다. 동맥경화증이란 동맥의 내층에 지방과 콜레스테롤로 이루어진 죽종(atheroma)가 생기는 질환으로 죽종이 생긴 동맥은 죽종이 혈관의 내부로 돌출하게 되어서 혈관의 내경이 작아지게 된다. 심장동맥병은 그 정도에 따라서 협심증(angina pectoris)와 심근경색증(myocardial infarction)으로 나눈다. 협심증은 심장동맥의 부분적 폐쇄에 의해서 평상시에는 증상이 없지만 심장이 많은 활동을 할 경우에 심장에 피가 충분한 만큼 공급이 되지 않아서 생기는 질병으로 평상시에 쉴 경우에는 아무 증상이 없지만 운동이나 과식 등의 원인으로 심장이 많은 운동을 할 경우에 심장에 공급되는 혈액의 양이 모자라서 증상(대개 가슴부위에 쥐어짜는 듯한 통증)이 생긴다. 심근경색증이란 심장동맥의 완전폐쇄에 의해서 심장의 근육이 혈액을 전혀 공급받지 못해서 심장의 근육이 썩는 경우를 말한다. |
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| AMR | acoustic muscle reflex; activity metabolic rate; acute mitral stenosis; alopecia-mental retardation ... |
|---|---|
| BTR | Bezold-type reflex; biceps tendon reflex |
| CR | calculation rate; calculus removed; calorie-restricted; cardiac rehabilitation; cardiac resuscitatio... |
| MSR | macrophage scavenger receptor; Member of the Society of Radiographers; monosynaptic reflex; muscle s... |
| PR | by way of the rectum [Lat. per rectum]; far point [of accommodation] [Lat. punctum remotum]; palindr... |
| darwinian ear | An auricle in which the upper border is not rolled over to form the helix, but projects upward as a flat, sharp edge. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| swimmer's ear | Infection and inflammation of the external ear canal. Symptoms include earache, ear discharge and decreased hearing. (27 Sep 1997) |
| dog ear | Redundant corner of skin, usually the result of mismatch in a wound closure, leaving an excessive hump or triangular bit of tissue. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dog's-ear | The corner of a leaf, in a book, turned down like the ear of a dog. Dog's"-eared. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| internal ear | internal ear |
| isthmus of cartilage of ear | A narrow bridge connecting the cartilage of the external acoustic meatus and the lamina of the tragus with the main portion of the cartilage of the auricle. Synonym: isthmus cartilaginis auris. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tag, ear | Common minor anomaly, a rudimentary tag of ear tissue, often containing a core cartilage, usually located just in front of the ear (auricle). Therefore, also called preauricular tag. The presence of 2 or more minor anomalies in a child increases the probability that the child has a major malformation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ear | 1. The organ of hearing; the external ear. In man and the higher vertebrates, the organ of hearing is very complicated, and is divisible into three parts: the external ear, which includes the pinna or auricle and meatus or external opening; the middle ear, drum, or tympanum; and the internal ear, or labyrinth. The middle ear is a cavity connected by the Eustachian tube with the pharynx, separated from the opening of the external ear by the tympanic membrane, and containing a chain of three small bones, or ossicles, named malleus, incus, and stapes, which connect this membrane with the internal ear. The essential part of the internal ear where the fibres of the auditory nerve terminate, is the membranous labyrinth, a complicated system of sacs and tubes filled with a fluid (the endolymph), and lodged in a cavity, called the bony labyrinth, in the periotic bone. The membranous labyrinth does not completely fill the bony labyrinth, but is partially suspended in it in a fluid (the perilymph). The bony labyrinth consists of a central cavity, the vestibule, into which three semicircular canals and the canal of the cochlea (spirally coiled in mammals) open. The vestibular portion of the membranous labyrinth consists of two sacs, the utriculus and sacculus, connected by a narrow tube, into the former of which three membranous semicircular canals open, while the latter is connected with a membranous tube in the cochlea containing the organ of Corti. By the help of the external ear the sonorous vibrations of the air are concentrated upon the tympanic membrane and set it vibrating, the chain of bones in the middle ear transmits these vibrations to the internal ear, where they cause certain delicate structures in the organ of Corti, and other parts of the membranous labyrinth, to stimulate the fibres of the auditory nerve to transmit sonorous impulses to the brain. 2. The sense of hearing; the perception of sounds; the power of discriminating between different tones; as, a nice ear for music; in the singular only. "Songs . . . Not all ungrateful to thine ear." (Tennyson) 3. That which resembles in shape or position the ear of an animal; any prominence or projection on an object, usually one for support or attachment; a lug; a handle; as, the ears of a tub, a skillet, or dish. The ears of a boat are outside kneepieces near the bow. 4. Same as Acroterium . Same as Crossette. 5. Privilege of being kindly heard; favor; attention. "Dionysius . . . Would give no ear to his suit." (Bacon) "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears." (Shak) About the ears, in close proximity to; near at hand. By the ears, in close contest; as, to set by the ears; to fall together by the ears; to be by the ears. Button ear (in dogs), an ear which falls forward and completely hides the inside. Ear finger, the little finger. Ear of Dionysius, a kind of ear trumpet with a flexible tube; named from the Sicilian tyrant, who constructed a device to overhear the prisoners in his dungeons. <anatomy> Ear sand, a simple auditory organ, occurring in many worms, mollusks, etc. It consists of a small sac containing a fluid and one or more solid concretions or otocysts. Rose ear (in dogs), an ear which folds backward and shows part of the inside. To give ear to, to listen to; to heed, as advice or one advising. "Give ear unto my song." . To have one's ear, to be listened to with favor. Up to the ears, deeply submerged; almost overwhelmed; as, to be in trouble up to one's ears. Origin: AS. Eare; akin to OFries. Are, ar, OS. Ra, D. Oor, OHG. Ra, G. Ohr, Icel. Eyra, Sw. Ora, Dan. Ore, Goth. Auso, L. Auris, Lith. Ausis, Russ. Ukho, Gr.; cf. L. Audire to hear, Gr, Skr. Av to favor, protect. Cf. Auricle, Orillon. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| ear bones | The small bones of the middle ear; they are articulated to form a chain for the transmission of sound from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. Synonym: ossicula auditus, ear bones, ossicular chain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ear canal, self-cleaning | most of the time the ear canals are self-cleaning, that is, there is a slow and orderly migration of ear canal skin from the eardrum to the outer opening. Old earwax is constantly being transported from the deeper areas of the ear canal to the opening where it usually dries, flakes, and falls out. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ear cartilages | Cartilages of the auricle (pinna) and the external acoustic meatus. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ear cleaning | When so much wax accumulates that it blocks the ear canal (and hearing), your physician may have to wash it out, vacuum it, or remove it with special instruments. Alternatively, your physician may prescribe ear drops what are designed to soften the wax (such as Cerumenex). Never put anything smaller than your elbow in your ear! Wax is not formed in the deep part of the ear canal near the eardrum, but only in the outer part of the canal. So when a patient has wax pushed up against the eardrum, it is often because he has been probing his ear with such things as cotton-tipped swabs (such as Q-Tips), bobby pins, or twisted napkin corners. Such objects only serve as ramrods to push the wax in deeper. Also, the skin of the ear canal and the eardrum is very thin, fragile and easily injured. The ear canal is more prone to infection after it has been whipped clean of the good coating type wax. In addition, we have seen many perforated eardrums as a result of these efforts. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ear crystals | Crystalline particles of calcium carbonate and a protein adhering to the gelatinous membrane of the maculae of the utricle and saccule. Synonym: statoconia, ear crystals, otoconia, otoliths, otolites, sagitta. Origin: G. Statos, standing, + lithos, stone (05 Mar 2000) |
| ear cyst | A sebaceous cyst that occurs most commonly in the ear canal. They are bulging sac-like collections of dead skin cells and fluid. These cysts can be quite painful and may block the canal causing hearing loss. Treatment may include warm wet compresses, antibiotics (if infected) and surgical removal in some cases. Most resolve spontaneously. (27 Sep 1997) |
| ear deformities, acquired | Distortion or disfigurement of the ear caused by disease or injury after birth. (12 Dec 1998) |