| DK | dark; decay; diabetic ketoacidosis; diet kitchen; diseased kidney; dog kidney [cells] |
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| FS | factor of safety; Fanconi syndrome; Felty syndrome; fibromyalgia syndrome; field stimulation; Fisher... |
| GFD | gingival fibromatosis-progressive deafness [syndrome]; gluten-free diet |
| HCLF | high carbohydrate, low fiber [diet] |
| HF | Hageman factor; haplotype frequency; hard filled [capsule]; hay fever; head of fetus; head forward; ... |
| low-fat diet | A diet containing minimal amounts of fat.Diets containing low amounts of fat and cholesterol are designed to reduce the risk of heart disease and, in some cases, cancer. Dozens of such diets have been promulgated, both by medical and lay advisors. Their popularity can be attributed in part to clinical studies that have, since the 1980s, revealed, on the one hand, the hazards of eating high-fat, high-cholesterol foods and, on the other, the benefits of ingesting less saturated fat and LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol. Although coronary deaths have been reduced by roughly 30% since 1970, the aim of health officials is to further reduce heart attack rates. The average cholesterol level among adult Americans has fallen from 213 to 205 mg/dl since 1978. However, the National Cholesterol Education Program recommends that individuals maintain a total cholesterol level of no more than 200 mg/dl, with LDL at less than 130 mg/dl and HDL (high density lipoprotein) around 60 mg/dl. About one-half of American adults exceed those recommendations. Low-fat, low-cholesterol diets are rich in whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, and legumes, and limit or exclude consumption of processed oils, dairy products, nuts and seeds, and meats. See atherosclerosis, free radicals. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| low purine diet | A diet low in precursors of purines (such as tissues rich in cells with abundant nuclei, as in liver, glandular meats, etc.) to minimise formation of uric acid. Useful in treatment of patients with gout or urate-containing renal calculi. (05 Mar 2000) |
| low residue diet | A diet that leaves minimal unabsorbed components in the intestine, to minimise functional stress on the colon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| low salt diet | A diet with restricted amounts of sodium chloride, necessary in the treatment of some cases of hypertension, heart failure, and other syndromes characterised by fluid retention and/or oedema formation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute yellow atrophy of the liver | A lesion in which there is extensive and rapid death of parenchymal cells of the liver, sometimes with fatty degeneration of the size of the organ; the necrosis may result from fulminant viral infection or chemical poisoning; associated with jaundice. Synonym: acute parenchymatous hepatitis, Rokitansky's disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adenoma, liver cell | A benign epithelial tumour of the liver. (12 Dec 1998) |
| alcoholic liver disease | <gastroenterology> Alcoholic cirrhosis is a condition of irreversible liver disease due to the chronic inflammatory and toxic effects of ethanol on the liver. In cirrhosis, the liver cells are replaced by fibrous scar tissue. Fibrosis leads to the development of portal hypertension. The development of cirrhosis is directly related to the duration and quantity of alcohol consumption. The manifestations of cirrhosis are related to the liver's inability to not adequately remove waste products from the bloodstream and the effects of portal hypertension. (15 Nov 1997) |
| anterior part of diaphragmatic surface of liver | The part of the diaphragmatic surface of the liver deep to the costal arches and the xiphoid process. Synonym: pars anterior faciei diaphragmatis hepatis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bare area of liver | The area on the posterior surface of the liver which is fused with the diaphragm and therefore not covered by peritoneum. Synonym: area nuda hepatis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| benign liver tumours | <radiology> EPITHELIAL TUMORS, nodular transformation, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular adenoma, MESENCHYMAL TUMORS, lipoma, myelolipoma, angiomyolipoma, leiomyoma, infantile haemangioendothelioma, haemangioma, benign mesothelioma, MIXED TISSUE TUMORS, mesenchymal hamartoma, benign teratoma, MISCELLANEOUS, adrenal rest tumours, pancreatic rest (12 Dec 1998) |
| calcified liver metastases | <radiology> Mucinous carcinoma of GI tract (colon, rectum, stomach), endocrine pancreatic carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, malignant melanoma, papillary serous ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, lymphoma, pleural mesothelioma, neuroblastoma, breast carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, lung carcinoma, testicular carcinoma see: liver metastases (12 Dec 1998) |
| capsular cirrhosis of liver | Chronic perihepatitis with thickening and subsequent contraction, resulting in atrophy and deformity of the liver. Synonym: capsular cirrhosis of liver. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cardiac impression of liver | A depression on the superior area of the diaphragmatic surface of the liver corresponding to the position of the heart. Synonym: impressio cardiaca hepatis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cardiac liver | An extensive fibrotic reaction within the liver as a result of chronic constrictive pericarditis or prolonged congestive heart failure; true cirrhosis with fibrous bridging of lobules is unusual. Synonym: cardiac liver, congestive cirrhosis, pseudocirrhosis, stasis cirrhosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| malignant liver tumours | <radiology> EPITHELIAL TUMORS, hepatocellular, hepatoblastoma (7%), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (75%), cholangiocellular (6%), cholangiocarcinomarcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma, MESENCHYMAL TUMORS, tumours of blood vessels, angiosarcoma, haemangioendothelioma, other tumours, embryonal sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, TUMORS OF MUSCLE TISSUE, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, MISCELLANEOUS, carcinosarcoma, teratoma, yolk sac tumour, carcinoid, squamous carcinoma, primary lymphoma see: benign liver tumours (12 Dec 1998) |