| IR | drop of voltage across a resistor produced by a current; ileal resection; immune response; immunizat... |
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| NR | do not repeat [Lat. non repetatur]; nerve root; neural retina; neutral red; noise reduction; nonreac... |
| PTR | patellar tendon reflex; patient termination record; patient to return; peripheral total resistance; ... |
| SGR | Sachs-Georgi reaction; Shwartzman generalized reaction; skin galvanic reflex; submandibular gland re... |
| WFR | Weil-Felix reaction; wheal-and-flare reaction |
| diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent | Diabetes mellitus characterised by insulin deficiency, sudden onset, severe hyperglycaemia, rapid progression to ketoacidosis, and death unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent | Diabetes characterised by the ability to survive without ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. It is usually of slow onset and patients exhibit a tendency to obesity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| DNA-dependent ATPase | <enzyme> Factor y is a phage 174 specific DNA-dependent atpase; atpase I can act with double-stranded DNA; atpase II and III require single-stranded DNA; a18r from vaccinia virus Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- Synonym: DNA helicase II, factor y, DNA-dependent atpase I, DNA-dependent atpase II, DNA-dependent atpase III, rep protein (E coli), atpase, DNA-dependent, DNA-dependent atpase iv, uvrd protein, rep helicase, pri a protein, protein n', rip100, pria helicase, pria protein (helicase), a18r gene product, DNA helicase a (26 Jun 1999) |
| DNA-dependent ATPase-endonuclease | <enzyme> Atpase and endonuclease are part of a single protein from phage t4 infected E coli; atpase is activated by duplex, single-stranded or supercoiled DNA Registry number: EC 3.1.21.- Synonym: atpase-endonuclease (26 Jun 1999) |
| insulin dependent diabetes | A form of diabetes that requires the daily injection of the hormone insulin to maintain normal body chemistry. Avoidance of insulin in these patients will result in a severe metabolic derangement known as diabetic ketoacidosis. (27 Sep 1997) |
| insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | A chronic condition in which the pancreas makes little or no insulin because the beta cells have been destroyed. The body is then not able to use the glucose (blood sugar) for energy. IDDM usually comes on abruptly, although the damage to the beta cells may begin much earlier. The signs of IDDM are a great thirst, hunger, a need to urinate often, and loss of weight. To treat the disease, the person must inject insulin, follow a diet plan, exercise daily, and test blood glucose several times a day. IDDM usually occurs in children and adults who are under age 30. This type of diabetes used to be known as juvenile diabetes, juvenile-onset diabetes, and ketosis-prone diabetes. (09 Oct 1997) |
| oxygen dependent killing | One of the most important bactericidal mechanisms of mammalian phagocytes involves the production of various toxic oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals) through the metabolic burst. Although anaerobic killing is possible, the oxygen dependent mechanism is crucial for normal resistance to infection and a defect in this system is usually fatal within the first decade of life (chronic granulomatous disease). See: myeloperoxidase, chemiluminescence. (18 Nov 1997) |
| T-dependent antigen | An antigen that requires T helper cells in addition to appropriate B-cells. Most antigens are T-dependent. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thiol-dependent peroxidase | <enzyme> From giardia intestinalis, which lacks glutathione; enzyme can also act with exogenous glutathione Registry number: EC 1.11.1.- Synonym: glutathione-linked thiol peroxidase (26 Jun 1999) |
| thymus-dependent zone | <anatomy> Mid cortical region of lymph node, area that is particularly depleted of T lymphocytes in thymectomised animals and is referred to as the thymus dependent area. (18 Nov 1997) |
| 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase | <enzyme> Enzyme from rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylates protein kinase b at thr308; activated by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate or phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- Synonym: pdk1 enzyme, ptdins(3,4,5)p3-dependent protein kinase-1 (26 Jun 1999) |
| 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin-dependent DNA photolyase | <enzyme> From anacystis nidulans; purified in streptomyces coelicolor; distinguish from folate-dependent DNA photolyase Registry number: EC 4.1.99.- Synonym: 8-hdfd-DNA photolyase (26 Jun 1999) |
| L-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate-NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase | <enzyme> Converts l-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate; does not act on d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- Synonym: l-gap oxidoreductase (26 Jun 1999) |
| alternating light test | Test to detect a relative afferent defect in one eye by watching pupillary movements. With the patient fixing in the distance, the light is held on each eye for about a second, and quickly moved to the other eye. Assuming no defect of the innervation to the iris sphincter in one eye (which would produce an anisocoria in light), the eye with the weaker light response has a relative afferent pupillary defect. This asymmetry of pupillomotor input can be estimated by holding neutral density filters in front of the better eye until the pupillary responses of the two eyes are balanced. Synonym: swinging light test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Begg light wire differential force technique | An orthodontic appliance utilizing small gauge labial wires with expansion and contraction loops formed into it and attached to bands fitted to individual teeth; sometimes called Begg light wire differential force technique. (05 Mar 2000) |