| aVF | unipolar limb lead on the left leg in electrocardiography |
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| aVL | unipolar limb lead on the left arm in electrocardiography |
| aVR | unipolar limb lead on the right arm in electrocardiography |
| CF | calcaneal fibular [ligament]; calcium leucovorin; calf blood flow; calibration factor; cancer-free; ... |
| CL | capillary lumen; cardiolipin; cell line; centralis lateralis; chemiluminescence; chest and left arm ... |
| lead sulfide | The native form in which lead is chiefly found. Synonym: galena. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| lead tetraethyl | Pb(C2H5)4; tetraethylplumbane;an anti-knock compound added to motor fuel; has a toxic action causing anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, tremors, muscular weakness, insomnia, irritability, nervousness, and anxiety; death may occur. Synonym: lead tetraethyl. (05 Mar 2000) Previous: tetraethylammonium, tetraethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium ionNext: tetraethyl lead, tetraethylmonothionopyrophosphatelead tetraethyl -->tetraethyl lead <chemical> Tetraethylplumbane. A highly toxic compound used as a gasoline additive. It causes acute toxic psychosis or chronic poisoning if inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Chemical name: Plumbane, tetraethyl- (12 Dec 1998) |
| lead tetroxide | A bright orange-red powder that turns black when heated; used in ointments and plasters. Synonym: red lead, red oxide of lead. (05 Mar 2000) |
| limb lead | One of the three standard leads (leads I, II, III) or one of the unipolar limb lead's (aVR, aVL, aVF). (05 Mar 2000) |
| adhesion phenomenon | A phenomenon manifested by the adherence of antigen-antibody-complement complex to "indicator cells" (microorganisms, platelets, leukocytes, or erythrocytes), the reaction being sensitive and specific for the antigen and antibody in the complex. Synonym: erythrocyte adherence phenomenon, immune adherence phenomenon, red cell adherence phenomenon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| AFORMED phenomenon | As induced pulsus alternans progresses, a state in which alternating heart depolarisations fail to eject any blood, thus allowing longer diastolic filling; the subsequent beat is then able to produce a significant ejection; at high rates the cardiac minute volume and blood pressure may appear normal. Origin: Alternating, failure of response, mechanical, to electrical depolarisation (05 Mar 2000) |
| all-or-nothing phenomenon | <physiology> Refers to the phenomenon where the strength of a nerve impulse is not dependent on the strength of the stimulus. Instead, there is a threshold level of stimulus strength that must be reached before the nerve will fire an impulse (at full capacity). Below the threshold, the nerve will not fire at all. <cardiology> It also refers to the same phenomenon observed in the heart muscle, which will either contract fully or not at all. <psychology> In studies of behaviour, it refers to the same phenomenon where a behavioural stimulus will either produce a complete response or no response at all. Also called all-or-nothing principle, all-or-none law, all-or-none responsiveness, etc. (15 Nov 1997) |
| Anrep phenomenon | Homeometric autoregulation of the heart whereby cardiac performance improves as the afterload (aortic pressure) is increased. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aqueous influx phenomenon | The filling of the aqueous vein, which normally carries blood and aqueous, with aqueous, when the junction of the aqueous vein and the recipient vein is partially occluded. Synonym: Ascher's aqueous influx phenomenon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Arias-Stella phenomenon | Focal, unusual, decidual changes in endometrial epithelium, consisting of intraluminal budding, and nuclear enlargement and hyperchromatism with cytoplasmic swelling and vacuolation; may be associated with ectopic or uterine pregnancy. Synonym: Arias-Stella effect, Arias-Stella reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| arm phenomenon | In tetany, spasm both of the extensor muscles of the knee and of the calf muscles when the extended leg is flexed at the hip. Synonym: leg phenomenon, Pool-Schlesinger sign, Schlesinger's sign. In tetany, contraction of the arm muscles following the stretching of the brachial plexus by elevation of the arm above the head with the forearm extended, resembles the contraction resulting from stimulation of the ulnar nerve. Synonym: arm phenomenon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Arthus phenomenon | A form of immediate hypersensitivity resulting in erythema, oedema, haemorrhage, and necrosis observed in rabbits after injection of antigen to which the animal has already been sensitised and has specific IgG antibodies. The reaction is caused by the inflammation that results from the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in tissue spaces and in blood vessel walls that activate complement, most of the damage seemingly being due to the polymorphonuclear leukocytes that phagocytise the deposits and release lysosomal enzymes. The phenomenon, described by Arthus, was in rabbits, but similar reactions (Arthus-type reactions) are observed in guinea pigs, rats, and dogs, as well as in humans. See: Arthus reaction. Synonym: Arthus reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ascher's aqueous influx phenomenon | The filling of the aqueous vein, which normally carries blood and aqueous, with aqueous, when the junction of the aqueous vein and the recipient vein is partially occluded. Synonym: Ascher's aqueous influx phenomenon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Aschner's phenomenon | A decrease in pulse rate associated with traction on extraocular muscles or compression of the eyeball; especially sensitive in children; may produce asystolic cardiac arrest. Synonym: Aschner's phenomenon, Aschner's reflex, Aschner-Dagnini reflex, oculovagal reflex. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ashman's phenomenon | Aberrant ventricular conduction of a beat ending a short cycle that is preceded by a longer cycle most commonly during atrial fibrillation. (05 Mar 2000) |