| GMP | Guanosine Mono-Phosphate |
|---|---|
| GTP | Guanosine Tri-Phosphate |
| cGMP | cyclic guanosine monophosphate |
| GAP | D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; growth associated protein; guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein... |
| GMP | glucose monophosphate; good manufacturing practice; granule membrane protein; guanosine monophosphat... |
| adenosine diphosphate sugars | Esters formed between the aldehydic carbon of sugars and the terminal phosphate of adenosine diphosphate. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| menadiol sodium diphosphate | Tetrasodium 2-methyl-1,4-naphthalenediol-bis(dihydrogen phosphate);a dihydro derivative of menadione, with similar vitamin K activity. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase | <enzyme> An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyses the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides using NADPH as the ultimate electron donor. The deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates are used in DNA synthesis. Chemical name: 2'-Deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate:oxidised-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase Registry number: EC 1.17.4.1 (12 Dec 1998) |
| ribose-1,5-diphosphate synthase | <enzyme> Uses ribose 1-(or 5)p as phosphoryl acceptor and acyl-p of 3-phosphoglyceroylphosphate as phosphoryl donor; similar reaction to glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- Synonym: ribose-1,5-p2 synthase (26 Jun 1999) |
| ribulose diphosphate carboxylase | <enzyme> A copper protein that catalyses the formation of 2 moles of 3-phosphoglycerate from ribulose 1,5-biphosphate in the presence of carbon dioxide and is responsible for carbon dioxide fixation in photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is combined with ribulose diphosphate to give two molecules of 3 phosphoglycerate, as part of the Calvin Benson cycle. It is the sole carbon dioxide fixing enzyme in C3 plants and collaborates with PEP carboxylase in carbon dioxide fixation in C4 plants. In the presence of oxygen the products of the reaction are one molecule of phosphoglyceric acid and one molecule of phosphoglycolic acid. The latter is the initial substrate for photorespiration and this oxygenase function occurs in C3 plants where the enzyme is not protected from ambient oxygen, in C4 plants the enzyme acts exclusively as a carboxylase since it is protected from oxygen. Also called Fraction 1 protein, the major protein of leaves. Chemical name: 3-Phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing) Registry number: EC 4.1.1.39 (12 Dec 1998) |
| phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate | <biochemistry> A phosphoinositide present in all eukaryotic cells, particularly in the plasma membrane. It is the major substrate for receptor-stimulated phosphoinositidase c, with the consequent formation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and diacylglycerol, and probably also for receptor-stimulated inositol phospholipid 3-kinase. (12 Dec 1998) |
| poly adenosine diphosphate ribose | <chemical> A polynucleotide formed from NAD in the presence of NAD+ nucleosidase. Chemical name: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), P'-5-ester with D-ribose, homopolymer (12 Dec 1998) |
| cytidine 5'-diphosphate | <biochemistry> An ester, at the 5' position, between cytidine and diphosphoric acid. It is derived from cytidine 5'-triphosphate and is important in phosphatide biosynthesis. Acronym: CDP (21 Jun 2000) |
| cytidine diphosphate | <chemical> Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: crpp; cytidine pyrophosphate. Chemical name: Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate) (12 Dec 1998) |
| cytidine diphosphate choline | <chemical> Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides. Pharmacological action: nootropic agents. Chemical name: Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), P'-(2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl) ester, inner salt (12 Dec 1998) |
| cytidine diphosphate diglycerides | The ester of diacylglycerol with the terminal phosphate of cytidine diphosphate. It serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine in bacteria. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nucleoside diphosphate | The pyrophosphoric ester of a nucleoside, i.e., a nucleoside in which the H of one of the ribose hydroxyls (usually the 5') is replaced by a pyrophosphoric (diphosphoric) radical; e.g., adenosine 5'-diphosphate. Compare: nucleoside bisphosphate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nucleoside-diphosphate kinase | <enzyme> A phosphotransferase enzyme that is found in mitochondria and in the soluble cytoplasm of cells. It catalyses reversible reactions of a nucleoside triphosphate, e.g., ATP, with a nucleoside diphosphate, e.g., UDP, to form ADP and UTP. Many nucleoside diphosphates can act as acceptor, while many ribonucleoside triphosphates and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates can act as a donor. Chemical name: ATP:nucleoside-diphosphate phosphotransferase Registry number: EC 2.7.4.6 (12 Dec 1998) |
| nucleoside-diphosphate sugars | Nucleoside diphosphates linked through the 5'-diphosphoric group with simple or complex carbohydrates; e.g., GDP-mannose, UDP-glucose (UDPG), dTDP-glucosamine. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthetase | <enzyme> Membrane-associated prenyl transferase from rat seminiferous tubules; dependent on t,t-farnesyl diphosphate, isopentenyldiphosphate and divalent cation; also from yeast saccharomyces carlsbergensis; looses its activity in the presence of 0.1% triton x-100 Registry number: EC 2.5.1.- Synonym: long chain polyprenyl diphosphate synthetase, dddp synthetase, dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase (26 Jun 1999) |