| excitation contraction coupling | <physiology> Name given to the chain of processes coupling excitation of a muscle by the arrival of a nervous impulse at the motor end plate to the contraction of the filaments of the sarcomere. The crucial link is the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the analogy is often drawn between this and stimulus secretion coupling, that also involves calcium release into the cytoplasm. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| excitation radiation | <radiobiology> Line radiation (at characteristic frequencies / wavelengths) as a result of the promotion of electrons or other constituent particles of a larger system to excited states, and the subsequent de-excitation of these states by radiative transitions. (09 Oct 1997) |
| excitation spectrum | Fluorescence produced over a range of wavelengths of the exciting light. (05 Mar 2000) |
| excitation wave | A wave of altered electrical conditions that is propagated along a muscle fibre preparatory to its contraction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| excitator | <physics> A kind of discarder. Origin: L, one who rouses. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| excitatory | Tending to produce excitation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| excitatory amino acid | <biochemistry> The naturally occurring amino acids L glutamate and L aspartate and their synthetic analogues, notably kainate, quisqualate and NMDA. They have the properties of excitatory neurotransmitters in the CNS, may be involved in long-term potentiation and can act as excitotoxins. at least three classes of EAA receptor have been identified, the agonists of the N type receptor are L aspartate, NMDA and ibotenate, the agonists of the Q type receptor are L glutamate and quisqualate, agonists of the K type are L glutamate and kainate. All three receptor types are found widely in the CNS and particularly the telencephalon, N and Q type receptors tend to occur together and may interact, their distribution is complementary to the K type receptors. The ion fluxes through the Q and K receptors are relatively brief, whereas the flux through the N type is longer and carries a significant amount of calcium. Additionally the N type receptor is blockaded by magnesium near the resting potential and thus shows voltage gated ion channel properties, leading to a regenerative response, this is why N type receptors have been linked to long-term potentiation. Invertebrate glutamate receptors may not have the same properties as those described above. (18 Nov 1997) |
| excitatory amino acid agents | Drugs used for their actions on any aspect of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter systems. Included are drugs that act on excitatory amino acid receptors, affect the life cycle of excitatory amino acid transmitters, or affect the survival of neurons using excitatory amino acids. (12 Dec 1998) |
| excitatory amino acid agonists | Drugs that bind to and activate excitatory amino acid receptors. (12 Dec 1998) |
| excitatory amino acid antagonists | Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists. (12 Dec 1998) |
| excitatory amino acids | Endogenous amino acids released by neurons as excitatory neurotransmitters. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Aspartic acid has been regarded as an excitatory transmitter for many years, but the extent of its role as a transmitter is unclear. (12 Dec 1998) |
| excitatory junction potential | Discrete partial depolarisation of smooth muscle produced by stimulation of excitatory nerves; similar to small end-plate potentials. They summate with repeated stimuli. (05 Mar 2000) |
| excitatory postsynaptic potential | The change in potential which is produced in the membrane of the next neuron when an impulse which has an excitatory influence arrives at the synapse; it is a local change in the direction of depolarisation; summation of these potential's can lead to discharge of an impulse by the neuron. (05 Mar 2000) |
| excitatory postsynaptic potentials | The change in potential produced in the membrane of the next neuron when an impulse which has an excitatory influence arrives at the synapse; it is a local change in the direction of depolarisation; summation of these potentials can lead to discharge of an impulse by the neuron. (12 Dec 1998) |
| excitatory synapse | <physiology> A synapse (either chemical or electrical) in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell. See: inhibitory synapse. (18 Nov 1997) |
| excitability |
excessive sensitivity of an organ or body part being easily excited
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| excision |
deletion: the omission that is made when an editorial change shortens a written passage; "an editor's deletions frequently upset young authors"; "both parties agreed on the excision of the proposed clause" ablation: surgical removal of a body part or tissue excommunication: the act of banishing a member of a church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the church; cutting a person off from a religious society extirpation: the act of pulling up or out; uprooting; cutting off from existence
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| excitant |
stimulant: a drug that temporarily quickens some vital process (of drugs e.g.) able to excite or stimulate
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| excitation |
excitement: the state of being emotionally aroused and worked up; "his face was flushed with excitement and his hands trembled"; "he tried to calm those who were in a state of extreme inflammation" the neural or electrical arousal of an organ or muscle or gland something that agitates and arouses; "he looked forward to the excitements of the day"
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| exciting |
creating or arousing excitement; "an exciting account of her trip" stimulating interest and discussion; "an exciting novel"
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| exc | excessive indulgence |
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| exc | immoderation as a consequence of going beyond sufficient or permitted limits |
| exc | a quantity much larger than is needed |
| exc | the state of being more than full |
| exc | more than is needed, desired, or required |
| exc | beyond normal limits |
| exc | unrestrained in especially feelings |
| exc | to an excessive degree |
| exc | to an excessive degree |
| exc | immoderation as a consequence of going beyond sufficient or permitted limits |
| exc | (chess) the capture by both players (usually on consecutive moves) of pieces of equal value |
| exc | (chess) gaining (or losing) a rook in return for a knight or bishop |