| 영문 | blood product | 한글 | 혈액제제 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1. 사람의 혈액을 성분별로 분리하여, 그것을 원료로 제조한 의약품. 악성 종양 따위에 수혈하는 적혈구, 백혈병-자색반병의 출혈을 멎게하는 혈소판, 화상의 치료에 쓰는 혈장, 산후 출혈을 멎게 하는 섬유소원 따위가 있다. 2. 사람의 혈액형을 검사하는데 쓰는 약. |
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| 영문 | blood group | 한글 | 혈액형 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 사람의 적혈구 표면에는 여러 가지 항원성을 가진 물질이 존재한다. 즉 면역학적 반응을 일으킬 수 있는 물질을 표면에 가지고 있다. 그리고 사람의 피속에는 이것과 반응할 수가 있는 항체도 존재한다. 사람의 혈액은 이것에 따라 몇가지 형으로 분류할 수가 있고, 이것을 혈액형이라고 한다. 혈액형은 적혈구 표면에 있는 어떤 물질을 기준으로 하느냐에 따라서 여러 가지로 분류될 수 있다. 대표적인 혈액형의 구분 방법에는 ABO혈액형과 Rh혈액형이 있다. 1. ABO 혈액형 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 혈액형 구분법. 적혈구 표면에는 A, B형의 두 가지 물질을 하나, 혹은 둘, 또는 하나도 가지지 않을 수가 있다. 그리고 피속에는 이것과 반응해서 적혈구를 파괴하거나 응집시킬 수 있는 물질(항체)이 존재한다. 물론 자신의 적혈구가 가지고 있는 물질에 대한 항체는 존재하지 않는다. -A형 혈액형－적혈구 표면에 A항원, 혈액속에 B에 대한 항체 -B형 혈액형－적혈구 표면에 B항원, 혈액속에 A에 대한 항체 -AB형 혈액형－적혈구 표면에 A, B항원, 혈액속에 A,B에 대한 항체를 가지지 않는다. -O형 혈액형－적혈구 표면에 A, B항원 모두를 가지지 않고, 혈액속에 A, B에 대한 항원을 모두 가진다. 대개 이것을 이용하여 수혈의 타당성 여부를 조사한다. 만약 A형 혈액형을 가진 사람의 피를 B형 혈액형의 사람에게 수혈하면 B형 혈액형을 가진 자의 피속에 있는 A에 대한 항체때문에 들어온 A형의 적혈구는 파괴되거나, 응집이 된다. O형의 혈액형을 가진 사람의 혈액의 적혈구는 표면에 A, B의 어떠한 물질도 가지고 있지 않아서 어떠한 혈액형을 가진 사람에게 수혈해도 반응을 일으키지 않는다. 이와 같은 원리로 AB형의 혈액형을 가진 사람은 혈액속에 A, B에 대한 항체를 모두 가지고 있지 않으므로 어떠한 혈액형이라도 받을 수가 있다. 2. Rh혈액형 적혈구표면에 있는 D라는 물질을 기준으로 하여 혈액형을 나누는 방법. 만약 D라는 물질이 적혈구의 표면에 존재하면 Rh(+), 존재하지 않으면 Rh(－)라고 한다. ABO혈액형에서와 같이 Rh(+)혈액형을 가지는 사람의 피속에는 D라는 물질에 대한 항체가 존재하지 않지만 Rh(－)혈액형을 가진 사람의 피속에는 D에 대한 항체가 존재한다. ABO혈액형과 마찬가지로 수혈의 타당성을 결정하는데 중요한 역할을 한다. |
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| 영문 | blood urea nitrogen(BUN) | 한글 | 혈중요소질소 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액속의 요소를 말한다. 요소란 단백질이나 아미노산의 최종산물로써 간에서 생산되어 콩팥으로 배출되는 물질이다. 이것은 인간에게 없어서는 안될 단백질과 아미노산의 산물이므로 사람에겐 언제나 일정량이 생산된다. 콩팥의 기능이 나쁠 경우에는 이것이 콩팥으로 배설되지 못하고 몸속에 축적된다. 그러므로 콩팥의 기능측정에 이것이 이용 된다. |
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| BS | Bachelor of Science; Bachelor of Surgery; Bacillus subtilis; Bartter syndrome; base strap; bedside; ... |
|---|---|
| BSL | benign symmetric lipomatosis; blood sugar level |
| CWBTS | capillary whole blood true sugar |
| FB | fasting blood [sugar]; feedback; fiberoptic bronchoscopy; fingerbreadth; foreign body; Fusobacterium... |
| FBS | fasting blood sugar; feedback system; fetal bovine serum |
| pregnancy, high-risk | Pregnancy in which the mother and/or foetus are at greater than normal risk of morbidity or mortality. Causes include lack of adequate prenatal care, previous obstetrical history, pre-existing maternal disease or pregnancy-induced disease, and multiple gestation, as well as advanced maternal age. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| hearing loss, high-frequency | Hearing loss in frequencies above 1000 hertz. (12 Dec 1998) |
| high | 1. Elevated above any starting point of measurement, as a line, or surface; having altitude; lifted up; raised or extended in the direction of the zenith; lofty; tall; as, a high mountain, tower, tree; the sun is high. 2. Regarded as raised up or elevated; distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; superior; used indefinitely or relatively, and often in figurative senses, which are understood from the connection. Elevated in character or quality, whether moral or intellectual; preeminent; honorable; as, high aims, or motives. "The highest faculty of the soul." Exalted in social standing or general estimation, or in rank, reputation, office, and the like; dignified; as, she was welcomed in the highest circles. "He was a wight of high renown." (Shak) Of noble birth; illustrious; as, of high family. Of great strength, force, importance, and the like; strong; mighty; powerful; violent; sometimes, triumphant; victorious; majestic, etc.; as, a high wind; high passions. "With rather a high manner." "Strong is thy hand, and high is thy right hand." (Ps. Lxxxix. 13) "Can heavenly minds such high resentment show?" (Dryden) Very abstract; difficult to comprehend or surmount; grand; noble. "Both meet to hear and answer such high things." (Shak) "Plain living and high thinking are no more." (Wordsworth) Costly; dear in price; extravagant; as, to hold goods at a high price. "If they must be good at so high a rate, they know they may be safe at a cheaper." (South) Arrogant; lofty; boastful; proud; ostentatious; used in a bad sense." "An high look and a proud heart . . . Is sin." (Prov. Xxi. 4) "His forces, after all the high discourses, amounted really but to eighteen hundred foot." (Clarendon) 3. Possessing a characteristic quality in a supreme or superior degree; as, high (i. E, intense) heat; high (i. E, full or quite) noon; high (i. E, rich or spicy) seasoning; high (i. E, complete) pleasure; high (i. E, deep or vivid) colour; high (i. E, extensive, thorough) scholarship, etc. "High time it is this war now ended were." (Spenser) "High sauces and spices are fetched from the Indies." (Baker) 4. Strong-scented; slightly tainted; as, epicures do not cook game before it is high. 5. Acute or sharp; opposed to grave or low; as, a high note. 6. Made with a high position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate, as e (eve), oo (food). High admiral, the chief admiral. High altar, the principal altar in a church. High and dry, out of water; out of reach of the current or tide; said of a vessel, aground or beached. High and mighty arrogant; overbearing. High art, art which deals with lofty and dignified subjects and is characterised by an elevated style avoiding all meretricious display. High bailiff, the chief bailiff. High Church, and Low Church, two ecclesiastical parties in the Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church. The high-churchmen emphasize the doctrine of the apostolic succession, and hold, in general, to a sacramental presence in the Eucharist, to baptismal regeneration, and to the sole validity of Episcopal ordination. They attach much importance to ceremonies and symbols in worship. Low-churchmen lay less stress on these points, and, in many instances, reject altogether the peculiar tenets of the high-church school. See Broad Church. High constable, the open sea; the part of the ocean not in the territorial waters of any particular sovereignty, usually distant three miles or more from the coast line. High steam, steam having a high pressure. High steward, the chief steward. High tea, tea with meats and extra relishes. High tide, the greatest flow of the tide; high water. High time. Quite time; full time for the occasion. A time of great excitement or enjoyment; a carousal. High treason, treason against the sovereign or the state, the highest civil offense. See Treason. It is now sufficient to speak of high treason as treason simply, seeing that petty treason, as a distinct offense, has been abolished. High water, the utmost flow or greatest elevation of the tide; also, the time of such elevation. High-water mark. That line of the seashore to which the waters ordinarily reach at high water. A mark showing the highest level reached by water in a river or other body of fresh water, as in time of freshet. <botany> High-water shrub, a composite shrub (Iva frutescens), growing in salt marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United States. High wine, distilled spirits containing a high percentage of alcohol; usually in the plural. To be on a high horse, to be on one's dignity; to bear one's self loftily. With a high hand. With power; in force; triumphantly. "The children of Israel went out with a high hand." In an overbearing manner, arbitrarily. "They governed the city with a high hand." . Synonym: Tall, lofty, elevated, noble, exalted, supercilious, proud, violent, full, dear. See Tall. Origin: OE. High, hegh, hey, heh, AS. Heah, hh; akin to OS. Hh, OFries. Hag, hach, D. Hoog, OHG. Hh, G. Hoch, Icel. Hr, Sw. Hog, Dan. Hoi, Goth. Hauhs, and to Icel. Haugr mound, G. Hugel hill, Lith. Kaukaras. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| high altitude cerebral oedema | <physiology> A serious condition that results from the sudden increase in pressure within the brain due to swelling. This is thought to occur secondary to exposure to high altitudes, generally in excess of 12,000 feet. (12 Jan 1998) |
| high altitude chamber | A decompression chamber for simulating a high altitude environment, particularly its low barometric pressure. Synonym: high altitude chamber. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high altitude pulmonary oedema | <physiology> The abnormal deposition of fluid into the lungs that occurs with exposure to lower barometric pressure and low oxygen. (12 Jan 1998) |
| high altitude sickness | A condition that results from the exposure to lower barometric pressure (lower oxygen concentration). Synonym: acute mountain sickness. (27 Sep 1997) |
| high-bred | Bred in high life; of pure blood. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| high-calorie diet | A diet containing upward of 4,000 calories per day. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high convex | The segment of a sphere of short radius. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high density lipoprotein | <biochemistry> These lipoproteins acts to carry cholesterol in the bloodstream. Raised high density lipoprotein levels have been correlated with a lower risk for heart disease. Less than 35 mg/dl is considered a positive risk factor for coronary artery disease, over 60 mg/dl is considered a negative risk factor (reduces your risk of heart disease). Recent studies show a low high density lipoprotein level is the strongest predictor of cardiovascular death in women. Acronym: HDL (18 Nov 1997) |
| high dose tolerance | The induction of tolerance by exposure to high doses of antigen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high-egg-passage vaccine | Living Flury strain rabies virus at the 180th to 190th level egg passage (embryonate eggs), used for vaccination of cattle and cats, low-egg-passage (LEP) vaccine: at the 40th to 50th passage level, containing 103 to 104 mouse LD50; nonpathogenic in dogs but retains some pathogenicity for cattle and cats. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high endothelial postcapillary venules | Venule's in the lymph nodes, tonsils, and Peyer's patches that have a high-walled endothelium through which blood lymphocytes migrate into the lymphatic parenchyma. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high enema | An enema instilled high up into the colon. Synonym: enteroclysis. (05 Mar 2000) |