| antigens, CD30 | <immunology> Differentiation antigens normally present in a small number of cells in the lymph nodes and tonsils in vivo, but also capable of being induced in a wide range of cells in vitro. They are clinically useful as tumour markers for ki-1 lymphoma (lymphoma, large-cell, ki-1) and some cases of lymphomatoid papulosis, mycosis fungoides, and hodgkin's disease. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| antigens, CD31 | <immunology> Cell adhesion molecules present on virtually all monocytes, platelets, and granulocytes. Cd31 is highly expressed on endothelial cells and concentrated at the junctions between them. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD34 | <immunology> Glycoproteins found on immature haematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. They are the only molecules to date whose expression within the blood system is restricted to a small number of progenitor cells in the bone marrow. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD36 | <immunology> Leukocyte differentiation antigens and major platelet membrane glycoproteins present on monocytes, endothelial cells, platelets, mammary epithelial cells, and a variety of cultured cell lines. They play major roles in adhesion phenomena, signal transduction, and haematopathology. Cd36 is also the receptor for thrombospondin and malaria-infected erythrocytes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD4 | <immunology> 55-kD glycoproteins originally defined as differentiation antigens on T-lymphocytes, but also found on other cells including monocytes/macrophages. CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. Cd4 antigens also serve as HIV receptors, binding directly to the envelope protein gp120 on HIV. The protein structure on the surface of a human cell that allows HIV to attach, enter, and thus infect a cell. CD4 receptors are present on CD4 cells (helper T-cells), macrophages and dendritic cells, among others. Normally, CD4 acts as an accessory molecule, forming part of larger structures (such as the T-cell receptor) through which Tcells and other cells signal each other. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD40 | <immunology> Differentiation antigens found on all mature B-lymphocytes and some epithelial cells, carcinomas, and lymphoid dendritic cells. This is a member of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily. Evidence suggests that CD40-dependent activation of B-cells is important for generation of memory B-cells within the germinal centres. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD44 | <immunology> Acidic sulfated integral membrane glycoproteins expressed in several alternatively spliced and variable glycosylated forms on a wide variety of cell types including mature T-cells, B-cells, medullary thymocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, erythrocytes, and fibroblasts. Cd44 antigens are the principle cell surface receptors for hyaluronate and this interaction mediates binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD45 | <immunology> High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of all leukocytes and their haemopoietic progenitors. The CD45 family consists of multiple members that are all products of a single gene. Cd45 expression is necessary for signalling through the T-cell receptor. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD5 | <immunology> Glycoproteins expressed on all mature T-cells, thymocytes, and a subset of mature B-cells. Antibodies specific for CD5 can enhance T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell activation. The B-cell-specific molecule CD72 is a natural ligand for CD5. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD55 | <immunology> Glycoproteins broadly distributed among haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells. Cd55 prevents the assembly of c3 convertase or accelerates the disassembly of preformed convertase, thus blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD56 | <immunology> The 140-kD isoform of ncam (neural cell adhesion molecule) containing a transmembrane domain and short cytoplasmic tail. It is expressed by all lymphocytes mediating non-MHC restricted cytotoxicity and is present on some neural tissues and tumours. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD57 | <immunology> Oligosaccharide antigenic determinants found principally on nk cells and T-cells. Their role in the immune response is poorly understood. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD58 | <immunology> Glycoproteins with a wide distribution on haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells and strongly expressed on macrophages. Cd58 mediates cell adhesion by binding to CD2 (antigens, CD2) and this enhances antigen-specific T-cell activation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD59 | <immunology> Small glycoproteins found on both haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells. Cd59 restricts the cytolytic activity of homologous complement by binding to c8 and c9 and blocking the assembly of the membrane attack complex. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD7 | <immunology> Differentiation antigens expressed on pluripotential haematopoietic cells, most human thymocytes, and a major subset of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. They have been implicated in integrin-mediated cellular adhesion and as signalling receptors on T-cells. (12 Dec 1998) |
| mumps skin test antigen | A sterile suspension of killed mumps virus in isotonic sodium chloride solution, used to determine susceptibility to mumps or to confirm previous exposure. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| pollen antigen | An extract of the antigenic protein from the pollen of plants; i.e., pollen allergen, used in the diagnosis and prevention of hay fever. (05 Mar 2000) |
| H-2 antigen | <immunology> Antigen coded in the major group of transplantation antigens in the mouse. See: H-2 complex, histocompatability antigen. (20 Jun 2000) |
| h antigen | <microbiology> Any bacteria which has a long flagella that is used for movement. The term is used by immunologists and serologists as a form of classification. (09 Oct 1997) |
| cystic fibrosis antigen | Now known to be MRP 8. See: calgranulins. (18 Nov 1997) |
| heart antigen | A diphosphatidyl glycerol that is found in the membrane of Treponema pallidum and is the antigen detected by the Wasserman test for syphilis. (18 Nov 1997) |
| S antigen | Viral antigen that remains in solution after the particles of virus have been removed by means of centrifugation; in the case of the influenza viruses, it is the internal helical structure, free of the external envelope. Synonym: S antigen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| proliferating cell nuclear antigen | Acidic nuclear protein (33 kD) highly expressed in dividing cells. Interacts with D type cyclins. (18 Nov 1997) |
| hepatitis-associated antigen | A term used for the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus before its nature was established. See: hepatitis B surface antigen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hepatitis B antigen | Antigens of the virion of the hepatitis b virus or the dane particle, its surface, core and other associated antigens, like the hbe antigen. (12 Dec 1998) |
| hepatitis B core antigen | <virology> (HBcAb, HBcAg), the antigen found in the core of the Dane particle (which is the complete virus) and also in hepatocyte nuclei in hepatitis B infections. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hepatitis B e antigen | (HBeAb, HBe, HBeAg), an antigen, or group of antigen's, associated with hepatitis B infection and distinct from the surface antigen (HBsAg) and the core antigen (HBcAg); it is associated with the viral nucleocapsid. Its presence indicates that the virus is replicating and the individual is potentially infectious. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hepatitis B surface antigen | <virology> A serologic marker on the surface of the hepatitis B virus. The body will normally produce antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen as part of the normal immune response to infection. It is the presence of antibodies to the hepatitis B surface antigen that are detected in a positive hepatitis B blood test. (27 Sep 1997) |
| prostate-specific antigen | <tumour marker> A simple blood test used to detect prostate cancer in men. The test measures a specific antigen normally secreted by the prostate. If cancer is developing, the prostate secretes greater amounts of prostate-specific antigen. This test is recommended for men with an enlarged prostate and an increased risk of prostate cancer. It is an enzyme that is produced by epithelial cells of both benign and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. It is a single chain 31 kilodalton glycoprotein with 240 amino acid residues and 4 carbohydrate side chains that is a kallikrein protease. It is found in normal seminal fluid and produced by the prostatic epithelial cells. Elevated levels in blood serum are associated with prostatic enlargement and prostatic adenocarcinoma, and this allows early detection of cancer in many cases. In about 70% of cases, the rise is due to a cancerous condition. No large scale clinical studies have been completed to assess the impact of testing on survival from prostate cancer, and the medical and economic value of testing remain uncertain. Acronym: PSA Registry number: EC 3.4.21.77 (22 Sep 2002) |
| heterogeneic antigen | An antigen or antigenic determinant which is found in different tissues in more than one species. (05 Mar 2000) |