| topography | <microscopy> The surface features of an object or how it looks its texture, direct relation between these features and materials properties (hardness, reflectivity etc.). (05 Aug 1998) |
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| topography, medical | The systematic surveying, mapping, charting, and description of specific geographical sites, with reference to the physical features that were presumed to influence health and disease. Often associated with hippocrates, the process became a significant part of public health investigation and epidemiological methodology, particularly between the 17th and 19th centuries. Medical topography should be differentiated from epidemiology in that the former emphasizes geography whereas the latter emphasizes disease outbreaks. (dr. James h. Cassedy, nlm history of medicine division) (12 Dec 1998) |
| topoinhibition | Term used to describe the inhibition of cell proliferation as the cells become closely packed on a culture dish: generally superseded by the term density dependent inhibition. (18 Nov 1997) |
| topoisomerase | <enzyme> That change the degree of supercoiling in DNA by cutting one or both strands. Type I topoisomerases cut only one strand of DNA, type I topoisomerase of E. Coli (omega protein) relaxes negatively supercoiled DNA and does not act on positively supercoiled DNA. Type II topoisomerases cut both strands of DNA, type II topoisomerase of E. Coli (DNA gyrase) increases the degree of negative supercoiling in DNA and requires ATP. It is inhibited by several antibiotics, including nalidixic acid and ovobiocin. (18 Nov 1997) |
| topoisomers | Different forms of a closed, circular DNA molecule, in each, only thelinking number differs. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Topolanski | Alfred, Austrian ophthalmologist, 1861-1960. See: Topolanski's sign. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Topolanski's sign | <clinical sign> Congestion of the pericorneal region of the eye in Graves' disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| topology | <study> The art of, or method for, assisting the memory by associating the thing or subject to be remembered with some place. Origin: Gr. Place. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| toponarcosis | A localised cutaneous anaesthesia. Origin: topo-+ narcosis (05 Mar 2000) |
| toponym | A regional term; one designating a region as distinguished from the name of a structure, system, or organ. Origin: topo-+ G. Onyma, name (05 Mar 2000) |
| toponymy | Topical or regional nomenclature, as distinguished from organonymy. Origin: topo-+ G. Onyma, name (05 Mar 2000) |
| topopathogenesis | Topography of lesions related to their pathogenesis. Origin: topo-+ pathogenesis (05 Mar 2000) |
| topophobia | <psychology> A neurotic dread of or related to a particular place or locality. Origin: topo-+ G. Phobos, fear (05 Mar 2000) |
| topophylaxis | Prevention of arsphenamine shock by a tourniquet applied to the limb above the site of injection and its slow release five or six minutes later. Origin: topo-+ G. Phylaxis, protection (05 Mar 2000) |
| toposcope | <instrument> An apparatus to project the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex as a spatial coordinate visual system. Origin: topo-+ G. Skopeo, to view (05 Mar 2000) |