| scalenotomy | Division or section of the anterior scalene muscle. Origin: scalene + G. Tome, incision (05 Mar 2000) |
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| scalenus | Synonym: scalene. Origin: L. (05 Mar 2000) |
| scalenus anterior | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, anterior tubercles of transverse processes of third to sixth cervical vertebrae; insertion, scalene tubercle of first rib; action, raises first rib; nerve supply, cervical plexus. Synonym: musculus scalenus anterior, anterior scalene muscle, musculus scalenus anticus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| scalenus anterior syndrome | <syndrome> One of the precursors of disputed neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome; a popular cause for upper extremity discomfort in the late 1930s and 1940s, based on the unproven concept that the lower trunk and brachial plexus and subclavian artery could be compressed in the intrascalene triangle by hypertrophic scalenus anticus muscle, the compression in turn affecting the nerves to it and setting up a vicious circle; this concept was essentially abandoned in the 1950s, when real causes, such as cervical radiculopathy and carpal tunnel syndrome, for upper extremity symptoms were appreciated, but resurrected in the 1980s, without attribution, as aetiology for upper plexus type of disputed neurologic thoracic outlet syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| scalenus medius | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, costotransverse lamellae of transverse processes of second to sixth cervical vertebrae; insertion, first rib posterior to subclavian artery; action, raises first rib; nerve supply, cervical plexus. Synonym: musculus scalenus medius, middle scalene muscle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| scalenus minimus muscle | <anatomy> An occasional independent muscular fasciculus between the scalenus anterior and medius, and having the same action and innervation. Synonym: musculus scalenus minimus, Albinus' muscle, Sibson's muscle, smallest scalene muscle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| scalenus posterior | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, posterior tubercles of transverse processes of fourth to sixth cervical vertebrae; insertion, lateral surface of second rib; action, elevates second rib; nerve supply, cervical and brachial plexuses. Synonym: musculus scalenus posterior, musculus scalenus posticus, posterior scalene muscle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| scaler | <dentistry> A tool with a curved hook on one end. The orthodontist uses the scaler to remove excess cement, and check for gaps. (08 Jan 1998) |
| scaling | 1. Adapted for removing scales, as from a fish; as, a scaling knife; adapted for removing scale, as from the interior of a steam boiler; as, a scaling hammer, bar, etc. 2. Serving as an aid in clambering; as, a scaling ladder, used in assaulting a fortified place. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| scaling laws | <radiobiology> These are mathematical rules explaining how variation in one quantity affects variations in other quantities. For instance, in a tokamak reactor its generally believed that energy confinement depends on the size of the device and the strength of the magnetic field, but the precise nature of the dependence is not fully understood, so empirical scaling laws are tested to see what the dependence is. Scaling laws are useful for extrapolating from parameter regimes where the mathematical relationships between the various quantities are known, into unexplored regimes. (09 Oct 1997) |
| scall | A scurf or scabby disease, especially of the scalp. "It is a dry scall, even a leprosy upon the head." (Lev. Xiii. 30) Origin: Icel. Skalli a bald head. Cf. Scald. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| scalled | Scabby; scurfy; scall. "With scalled brows black." Scalled head. <medicine> See Scald head, under Scald. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| scallion | 1. <botany> A kind of small onion (Allium Ascalonicum), native of Palestine; the eschalot, or shallot. 2. Any onion which does not "bottom out," but remains with a thick stem like a leek. Origin: OF. Escalone, escaloingne, L. Caepa Ascalonius of Ascalon, fr. Ascalo Ascalon, a town in Palestine. Cf. Shallot. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| scallop | 1. <zoology> Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Pecten and allied genera of the family Pectinidae. The shell is usually radially ribbed, and the edge is therefore often undulated in a characteristic manner. The large adductor muscle of some the species is much used as food. One species (Vola Jacobaeus) occurs on the coast of Palestine, and its shell was formerly worn by pilgrims as a mark that they had been to the Holy Land. Synonym: fan shell. See Pecten. The common edible scallop of the Eastern United States is Pecten irradians; the large sea scallop, also used as food, is P. Clontonius, or tenuicostastus. 2. One of series of segments of circles joined at their extremities, forming a border like the edge or surface of a scallop shell. 3. One of the shells of a scallop; also, a dish resembling a scallop shell. Origin: OF. Escalope a shell, probably of German or Dutch origin, and akin to E. Scale of a fish; cf. D. Schelp shell. See Scale of a fish, and cf. Escalop Alternative forms: scollop. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| scalloper | One who fishes for scallops. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |