| 영문 | blood sugar | 한글 | 혈당 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액 속에 포함되어 있는 포도당. 뇌와 적혈구의 에너지원이 되고, 그 양은 운동, 식사 따위에 의하여 달라진다. 건강인의 아침 공복시 혈중 포도당 농도는 60~100mg/dL 이지만 기타의 당질 즉 과당, 갈락토스, 5탄당은 미량이며 일반적으로 혈당이라 하면 혈중포도당을 의미한다. 혈당은 생체의 에너지원으로서 가장 중요한 물질이다. 그 농도는 장관으로부터의 흡수, 간에 있어서의 당신생과 글리코겐이 합성-분해, 말초조직의 당이용 콩팥으로부터의 배설 등 여러 인자에 의해 좌우되며 그 조절에는 자율신경과 각종 호르몬이 밀접하게 관계한다. 특히 혈당저하작용에는 인슐린이, 그리고 혈당상승작용에는 에피네프린, 글루카곤, 성장호르몬, 부신겉질호르몬, 부신겉질자극호르몬, 갑상샘 호르몬이 관계가 있으며 그것들의 대항 및 협조작용에 의해 혈당치가 조절된다. |
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| 영문 | blood pressure | 한글 | 혈압 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈압이란 혈관에 걸리는 압력을 말하는 것으로 대개 특별한 설명이 없으면 동맥의 압력을 말한다. 혈압에는 수축기혈압(systolic blood pressure)과 이완기혈압(diastolic blood pressure)이 있다. 수축기혈압이란 심장이 수축할 경우에 동맥에 걸리는 압력을 말하고, 이완기 혈압이란 심장이 이완할 경우에 동맥에 걸리는 압력을 말한다. 당연히 수축기 혈압이 이완기 혈압보다 높다. 혈압을 말할 때에 예를 들어 120/80mmHg이라고 적는 것의 앞의 것은 수축기 혈압을 의미하고 뒤에 적는 80은 이완기 혈압을 의미한다. |
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| 영문 | blood | 한글 | 혈액, 피 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 순환기, 즉 심장과 혈관 안을 순환하는 유동성의 조직을 말한다. 혈액은 전체 체중의 약 8%를 차지하며, 비중은 1,056~1,059, 점도는 약 4.5, pH는 7.4이다. 혈액은 액체성분인 혈장과 거기에 떠돌고 있는 세포성분으로 구성되어 있다. 혈장은 전체 혈액의 55%를 차지하며 수분, 단백질, 혈당, 지방질, 무기염류, 질소화합물로 이루어진다. 세포성분은 전체 혈액의 45%를 차지하며 적혈구, 백혈구, 혈소판으로 이루어져 있다. 혈액의 주요 기능은 전신 조직으로 산소와 영양분 같은 필요한 물질을 운반하며 불필요한 물질을 배설기관으로 운반하는 일이다. 그 밖에 생체에 해로운 물질이나 세균을 제거하고, 내부환경의 향상성을 유지하며, 체온유지와 생체 방어 기능을 한다. 사람의 혈액은 여러 가지 세포 혈구와 그 세포를 포함하는 맑은 액체인 혈장로 구성되어 있다. 혈구는 적혈구, 백혈구, 혈소판으로 구성되어 있다. 적혈구는 붉은 색을 띠는 세포로 산소를 몸의 조직으로 운반하는 역할을 한다. 혈소판은 혈액응고에 중요한 역할을 하는 세포이다. 백혈구는 인간의 면역에 관계하는 세포이며 구체적으로 다음과 같은 세포들이 있다. 1.과립구(granulocyte): 과립구란 백혈구의 60%를 차지하며, 세포속에 특이한 과립을 가지고 있는 세포이며, 다음과 같은 3가지의 세포가 이곳에 포함이 된다. -호염기구(basophil): 염기성염색약에 잘 염색되는 과립을 가지고 있다. 불규칙한 모양의 세포로 푸른 색을 띠는 과립이 너무 많이 있어서 핵이 잘 보이지 않는다. -호산구(eosinophil): 산성염색약에 잘 염색되는 과립을 가지고 있고, 대개 기생충의 감염이나, 알러지에서 많이 증가한다. 대개 2개의 핵을 가지고 있으며 핵사이에 가는 실같은 것으로 이어져 있다. -호중구(neutrophil): 산성염색약이나 염기성염색약에 의하여 모두 잘 염색되는 과립을 가지는 세포로 대개 3개의 핵을 가진다. 그리고 핵사이에 가는 실같은 구조물이 있어서 핵을 서로 이어주고 있다. 2.단핵구(monocyte): 다각형모양을 가진 세포로 과립을 가지고 있지 않다. 외계로부터 들어온 물질을 잡아먹는 역할과 그것에 대한 정보를 제공하는 역할을 하여 면역에 관계한다. 이것이 혈액 중에 존재하지 않고 조직에 고정되어 있는 경우에 이것을 큰포식세포라고 한다. 3.림프구(lymphocyte): 작은 원형의 세포로 면역에 중추적인 역할을 한다. |
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| 영문 | blood gas | 한글 | 혈액가스, 혈액기체 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액 속에 용해되어 있는 산소, 이산화탄소, 질소 따위의 기체. 혈액의 산성-염기성의 정도를 측정할 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | blood test | 한글 | 혈액검사 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액형이나 질병 유무 따위를 알기 위하여 피를 뽑아 행하는 검사. 몸 전체의 장기나 조직에 병터가 있으면 이들 성분에 변화가 있게 되어 진단에 큰 도움을 준다. |
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| NRBC | National Rare Blood Club; normal red blood cell; nucleated red blood cell |
|---|---|
| RBC | red blood cell; red blood corpuscle; red blood count |
| WBC | well baby care/clinic; white blood cell; white blood cell count; whole blood cell count |
| BCA | balloon catheter angioplasty; bicinchoninic acid; blood color analyzer; Blue Cross Association; bran... |
| CF | calcaneal fibular [ligament]; calcium leucovorin; calf blood flow; calibration factor; cancer-free; ... |
| cancer, pancreatic | Cancer of the organ which produces many juices that are important for digesting food as well as hormones, such as insulin and glucagon. Pancreatic cancer has been called a silent disease because early pancreatic cancer usually does not cause symptoms. If the tumour blocks the common bile duct and bile cannot pass into the digestive system, the skin and whites of the eyes may become yellow, and the urine darker as a result of accumulated bile pigment called bilirubin. This condition is referred to as jaundice. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| cancer, prostate | Cancer of the gland that produces some of the components of semen fluid. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death of males in the U.S. Prostate cancer is often first detected as a hard nodule during a routine rectal examination. The PSA blood test is a screening test for prostate cancer. Diagnosis of prostate cancer is established when cancer cells are identified in prostate tissue obtained by a biopsy. In some patients, prostate cancer is life threatening. In many others, prostate cancer can exist for years without causing any health problems. Treatment options for prostate cancer include observation, radiation therapy, surgery, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, prostatic | Cancer of the gland (prostate) that produces some of the components of semen fluid. The second leading cause of death of males in the U.S. Prostate cancer is often first detected as a hard nodule during a routine rectal examination. The PSA blood test is a screening test for prostate cancer. Diagnosis of prostate cancer is established when cancer cells are identified in prostate tissue obtained by a biopsy. In some patients, prostate cancer is life threatening. In many others, prostate cancer can exist for years without causing any health problems. Treatment options for prostate cancer include observation, radiation therapy, surgery, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, rectal | A malignant tumour arising from the inner wall of the end (rectum) of the large intestine. The third leading cause of cancer in males, fourth in females in the U.S. Risk factors for cancer of the colon and rectum (colorectal cancer) include heredity, colon polyps, and long standing ulcerative colitis. most colorectal cancers develop from polyps. Removal of colon polyps can prevent colorectal cancer. Colon polyps and early cancer can have no symptoms. Therefore, regular screening is important. Diagnosis can be made by barium enema or by colonoscopy with biopsy confirmation of cancer tissue. Surgery is the most common treatment for colorectal cancer. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, skin | Cancer of the outer surface of the body. The most common cancer in the U.S. There are many types of skin cancer. Ultraviolet light from sunlight is the main cause of skin cancer. Unexplained changes in the appearance of the skin, lasting longer than 2 weeks, should be evaluated by a doctor. The cure rate for skin cancer could be 100% if all skin cancers were brought to a doctor's attention before they had a chance to spread. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, stomach | Cancer of the major organ that holds food for digestion. Stomach cancer (gastric cancer) can develop in any part of the stomach and spread to other organs. Stomach ulcers do not appear to increase a person's risk of developing stomach cancer. Symptoms of stomach cancer are often vague, such as loss of appetite or weight. The cancer is diagnosed with a biopsy of stomach tissue during a procedure called an endoscopy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer susceptibility gene | tumour suppressor gene |
| cancer symptoms | Abnormal sensations or conditions that persons can notice that are a result of a cancer. It is important to see your doctor for regular checkups and not wait for problems to occur. But you should also know that the following symptoms may be associated with cancer: changes in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding or discharge, thickening or lump in the breast or any other part of the body, indigestion or difficulty swallowing, obvious change in a wart or mole, or nagging cough or hoarseness. These symptoms are not always a sign of cancer. They can also be caused by less serious conditions. Only a doctor can make a diagnosis. It is important to see a doctor if you have any of these symptoms. Don't wait to feel pain. Early cancer often does not cause pain. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, testicles | Cancer of the male sex organ (testicle) that normally produces the hormone testosterone. One of the most common cancers in young men. Most testicular cancers are found by men themselves as a lump in the testicle. The risk of cancer of the testicles is increased in males whose testicles did not move down normally into the scrotum (holding sac for the testicles) during development if the problem is not corrected in early childhood. This condition is referred to as undescended testicles. When a growth in the testicle is detected, cancer is confirmed after surgical removal of the affected testicle (orchiectomy) and examination of the tissue under a microscope. Testicular cancer is almost always curable if it is found early. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, testicular | Cancer of the male sex organ (testicle) that normally produces the hormone testosterone. One of the most common cancers in young men. Most testicular cancers are found by men themselves as a lump in the testicle. The risk of cancer of the testicles is increased in males whose testicles did not move down normally into the scrotum (holding sac for the testicles) during development if the problem is not corrected in early childhood. This condition is referred to as undescended testicles. When a growth in the testicle is detected, cancer is confirmed after surgical removal of the affected testicle (orchiectomy) and examination of the tissue under a microscope. Testicular cancer is almost always curable if it is found early. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, thyroid | Cancer of the gland in front of the neck that normally produces thyroid hormone which is important to the normal regulation of the metabolism of the body. There are four major types of cancer of the thyroid gland. Persons who received radiation to the head or neck in childhood should be examined by a doctor every 1 to 2 years. The most common symptom of thyroid cancer is a lump, or nodule, that can be felt in the neck. The only certain way to tell whether a thyroid lump is cancer is by examining the thyroid tissue obtained using a needle or surgery for biopsy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, uterine | Cancer of the womb (uterus). Cancer of the uterus occurs most often in women between the ages of 55 and 70 years. Abnormal bleeding after menopause is the most common symptom of cancer of the uterus. Cancer of the uterus is diagnosed based on the results of the pelvic examination, pap smear, biopsy of the uterus, and D and C procedure. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, uterus | Cancer of the womb. Also referred to as uterine cancer. Cancer of the uterus occurs most often in women between the ages of 55 and 70 years. Abnormal bleeding after menopause is the most common symptom of cancer of the uterus. Cancer of the uterus is diagnosed based on the results of the pelvic examination, pap smear, biopsy of the uterus, and D and C procedure. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer vaccines | Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the patient's own whole tumour cells as the source of antigens, or using tumour-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced. (12 Dec 1998) |
| pancreatic cancer | <oncology> A malignant growth of the pancreas. More than 90% are ductal adenocarcinomas with islet cell carcinomas making up the difference. Symptoms include abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, jaundice, weight loss and anorexia. (27 Sep 1997) |