| 영문 | autonomic nervous system | 한글 | 자율신경계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 사람의 의지와 관계없이, 침을 흘리거나 소화운동 등과 같은 스스로 조정이 되어 움직이는 신경계이며 여기에는 다음과 같은 두 가지가 있다. 1.교감신경계(sympathetic nervous system)-사람이 위험상태에 이르렀을 경우에 흥분이 되는 자율신경계. 즉 심박수의 증가, 소화기 운동의 감소 등의 일이 이곳을 통해서 일어난다. 교감신경이 흥분되면 교감신경의 말단에서 epinephrine, norepinephrine 등의 물질이 분비되고 이것들에 의해서 말초장기가 변화를 일으킨다. 하지만 장기에 따라서 epinephrine이나 norepinephrine의 수용체를 가지고 있어서 여러 가지 다른 장기의 반응을 볼 수가 있다. 수용체는 다음과 같다. -알파수용체(alpha-receptor): 말초혈관의 수축, 기관지의 수축, 동공의 근육의 수축 -베타1수용체(beta 1-receptor): 심장에 존재하는 수용체, 심장을 빨리 뛰게하는 역할을 한다. -베타2수용체(beta 2-receptor): 혈관의 이완, 기관지의 이완, 즉 각 장기들은 그 장기가 가지고 있는 교감신경의 수용체에 따라 교감신경의 흥분(교감신경 말단에서의 epinephrine의 분비)에 대한 반응이 달라진다(예-교감신경이 흥분시에 beta 1-수용체를 가지고 있는 심장은 빨리 뛰게 된다. 교감신경 흥분시에 동공의 근육이 수축해서 동공의 크기가 커진다) 2.부교감신경계(parasympathetic nervous system)-교감신경과 반대로 작용한다. 즉 사람이 졸리거나 쉴 경우에 흥분한다. 부교감신경이 흥분할 때에는 신경의 말단에서 아세칠콜린의 분비가 일어나고 이것으로 인해서 각 장기의 변화가 일어난다. |
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| 영문 | TNM staging system | 한글 | 종양병기분류계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 종양의 병기(stage)를 결정하는 한 방법. T는 Tumor(종양)를 뜻하며 원발병터의 크기, 주위조직으로의 침윤정도 등에 따라 T1, T2, T3, T4(숫자가 높을 수록 주위로 침윤이 많다) 등으로 나눈다. N은 Node(림프절)를 뜻하며 침범된 림프절의 갯수, 크기, 위치 등에 따라 N1, N2, N3 등으로 나눈다. M은 Metastasis(전이)를 뜻하며 원격전이의 유무에 따라 M0, M1 등으로 나눈다. 이상의 방법으로 T, N, M이 결정되면 이들을 조합하여 최종적인 병기를 결정한다. 이렇게 결정된 병기는 치료 방침 결정과 예후 판단에 매우 중요하다. |
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| 영문 | central nervous system(CNS) | 한글 | 중추신경계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경계는 중추신경계와 말초신경계로 분류할 수가 있다. 중추신경계란 뇌와 척수로 구성되어 있는 신경계를 이르는 말이다. 말초신경계란 이 이외의 모든 신경계를 이르는 말이다. |
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| HCPCS | Health Care Financing Administration common procedural collecting system; Health Care Financing Admi... |
|---|---|
| HIS | health information system; Health Interview Survey; histatin; histidine; hospital information system... |
| HMIS | hazardous materials identification system; hospital medical information system |
| IMS | incurred in military service; Indian Medical Service; industrial methylated spirit; information mana... |
| IRIS | integrated risk information system; interleukin regulation of immune system; International Research ... |
| glycerol-3-phosphate - glucose phosphotransferase | <enzyme> Catalyses the formation of glycerol and glucose-6-phosphate Registry number: EC 2.7.1.142 Synonym: gro3p-glucose transphorylase, glycerol 3-phosphate-glucose transphorylase (26 Jun 1999) |
|---|---|
| phosphoenolpyruvate-glucose phosphotransferase | <enzyme> Specific for glucose and nonmetabolizable analogs methyl alpha glucoside, beta-d-thioglucose and 5-thioglucose Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- Synonym: II-b(glc) peppts, enzyme II-b(glc) phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system, enzyme II (glucose), glucose-specific permease, phosphotransferase system, beta-glucosidase permease, beta-glucoside permease, glucose permease, enzyme II(glc), bglp gene product, syta gene product (26 Jun 1999) |
| deficiency, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase | Deficiency of G6PD is the commonest disease-causing enzyme defect in humans affecting an estimated 400 million people. The G6PD gene is on the X chromosome. Males with the enzyme deficiency develop anaemia due to breakup of their red blood cells when they are exposed to oxidant drugs such as the antimalarial primaquine, the sulfonamide antibiotics or sulfones, naphthalene moth balls, or fava beans. (12 Dec 1998) |
| d-glucose | D-Glucose;a dextrorotatory monosaccharide (hexose) found in the free state in fruits and other parts of plants, and combined in glucosides, disaccharides (often with fructose in sugars), oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides; it is the product of complete hydrolysis of cellulose, starch, and glycogen. Free glucose also occurs in the blood (normal human concentration, 70 to 110 mg per 100 ml); in diabetes mellitus, it appears in the urine. The epimers of d-glucose are d-allose, d-mannose, d-galactose, and l-idose. Dextrose should not be confused with the l-isomer which is sinistrose. Synonym: cellohexose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| d-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate | A bisphosphorylated derivative of d-glucose that is a required intermediate in the interconversion of d-glucose 1-phosphate and d-glucose-6-phosphate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| d-glucose 1-phosphate | An important intermediate in glycogenesis and glycogenolysis. Synonym: Cori ester. (05 Mar 2000) |
| d-glucose-6-phosphate | A key intermediate in glycolysis, glycogenolysis, pentose phosphate shunt, etc.; elevated levels inhibit brain hexokinase and glycolysis. Synonym: Robison ester, Robison-Embden ester. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dolichol phosphate glucose-dolichol diphosphate oligosaccharide glucosyltransferase | <enzyme> Can also use dolichol-p-galactose as donor Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- Synonym: dolichol-p-glucose-dolichol-p-p-oligosaccharide glucosyltransferase, dolichol-pp-oligosaccharide glucosyltransferase (ii), dolichol-p-p-oligosaccharide glucosyltransferase (i), dol-p-p-oligosaccharide glycosyltransferase, dppo-glucosyltransferase, dolichyl-p-glucose-man(9)(glcnac)2-pp-dolichol glucosyltransferase (26 Jun 1999) |
| dTDP-D-glucose synthase | <enzyme> Catalyses the formation of dtdp-d-glucose by using glucose-1-phosphate and dttp as substrates; rfba is a dual function enzyme; rfba is also a phosphomannose isomerase-guanosine diphosphomannose pyrophosphorylase; see record of pmi-GMP Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- Synonym: rfba protein, deltatdp-glucose synthase, tyla1 gene product, rfba gene product (26 Jun 1999) |
| impaired glucose tolerance | Blood glucose (sugar) levels higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes. People with impaired glucose tolerance may or may not develop diabetes. Other names (no longer used) for impaired glucose tolerance are borderline, subclinical, chemical, or latent diabetes. (30 Mar 1998) |
| test, glucose tolerance | After fasting, a specific amount (100 grams) of glucose is given by mouth, and the blood levels of this sugar are measured every hour. Normally, the blood glucose should return to normal within 2 to 2 1/2 hours. The gtt is considered a classic test of carbohydrate metabolism. It is much used in the diagnosis of diabetes. The gtt depends on a number of factors including the ability of the intestine to absorb glucose, the power of the liver to take up and store glucose, the capacity of the pancreas to produce insulin, and the amount of active insulin. (12 Dec 1998) |
| UDP-glucose cyanidin-3-rhamnosyl-(1-6)-glucoside-5-O- glucosyltransferase | <enzyme> Chemical name: glucosyltransferase, uridine diphosphoglucose-cyanidin 3-rhamnosylglucoside 5-o- Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| UDP-glucose diosgenin-tigogenin glucosyltransferase | <enzyme> Catalyses the glycosylation of steroid saponins; from leaves of eggplant, solanum melongena Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- Synonym: udpglc-diosgenin-tigogenin glc-tase, udpglc-dt-glctase, diosgenin glucosyltransferase (26 Jun 1999) |
| UDPglucose-glycogen glucose 1-phosphotransferase | <enzyme> Catalyses the transfer of glucose 1-phosphate onto c-6 of glucose residues in glycogen to form a phosphodiester Registry number: EC 2.7.8.- Synonym: ugg-glcptase (26 Jun 1999) |
| UDPglucose-glycoprotein glucose-1-phosphotransferase | <enzyme> From embryonic chicken neural retina; glucose is linked by phosphodiester bonds to mannose of a cell surface glycoprotein; catalyses the transfer of alpha glc-1-p from udp-glc to mannose residues on acceptor glycoproteins Registry number: EC 2.7.8.19 Synonym: glcptase, glc-phosphotransferase (26 Jun 1999) |