| Tuttle, James | <person> U.S. Surgeon, 1857-1913. See: Tuttle's proctoscope. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| Ewing, James | <person> U.S. Pathologist, 1866-1943. See: Ewing's sarcoma, Ewing's tumour. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ewing, James H | <person> Pathologist, 1798-1827. See: Ewing's sign. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Joule, James | <person> British physicist, 1818-1889. See: joule, Joule's equivalent. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Lind, James | <person> This Edinburgher was an apprentice to a surgeon,but entered the navy before getting his M.D., and remained for nine years. He left the service and received his degree from the University of Edinburgh. Lind became physician to the Haslar Naval Hospital near Portsmouth where he had 300 to 1,000 cases of scurvy under his care at all times (for 25 years). He published three important texts: Treatise of the Scurvy (1753), An Essay on the most Effectual means of Preserving the Health of Seamen in the Royal Navy (1757), and An Essay on the Diseases Incidental to Europeans in Hot Climates. The signs and symptoms of scurvy may be a pale and bloated skin, listlessness, an aversion to exercise, swollen gums, halitosis, anserine or "goose pimple" skin, ecchymosis, and oedema legs. This surgeon died in 1794, but that same year a squadron was at sea for 23 consecutive weeks without a single case of scurvy - this dreadful disease was never a problem following the pioneer attention of young Mr. James Lind. James Lind, the British naval surgeon, is spoken of as the Father of Nautical Medicine largely because of his accomplishment in preventing scurvy in the British navy by using limes. And this is the reason today that English sailors are called "Limies." Lived: 1716-1794. (18 Nov 1997) |
| Little, James | <person> U.S. Surgeon, 1836-1885. See: Little's area. (05 Mar 2000) |
| accelerator fibres | Postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibre's originating in the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia of the sympathetic trunk, conveying nervous impulses to the heart that increase the rapidity and force of the cardiac pulsations. Synonym: augmentor fibres. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adrenergic fibres | Nerve fibres liberating catecholamines at a synapse after an impulse. (12 Dec 1998) |
| afferent fibres | Those that convey impulses to a ganglion or to a nerve centre in the brain or spinal cord. (05 Mar 2000) |
| A fibres | Myelinated nerve fibre's in somatic nerves, measuring 1 to 22 um in diameter, conducting nerve impulses at a rate of 6 to 120 m/sec. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha fibres | Large somatic motor or proprioceptive nerve fibre's conducting impulses at rates near 100 m/sec. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anastomosing fibres | Anastomotic fibres, individual fibre's passing from one nerve trunk or muscle bundle to another. (05 Mar 2000) |
| arcuate fibres | Nervous or tendinous fibre's passing in the form of an arch from one part to another. See: arcuate fibres of cerebrum, external arcuate fibres, internal arcuate fibres. (05 Mar 2000) |
| arcuate fibres of cerebrum | Short association fibres that connect adjacent gyri in the cerebral cortex. Synonym: fibrae arcuatae cerebri. (05 Mar 2000) |
| association fibres | Nerve fibre's interconnecting subdivisions of the cerebral cortex of the same hemisphere or different segments of the spinal cord on the same side. Synonym: endogenous fibres, intrinsic fibres. (05 Mar 2000) |