| AHI | active hostility index; Animal Health Institute; apnea-plus-hypopnea index |
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| AMC | academic medical center; acetylmethyl carbinol; Animal Medical Center; antibody-mediated cytotoxicit... |
| APF | acidulated phosphofluoride; American Psychological Foundation; anabolism-promoting factor; animal pr... |
| APG | acid-precipitated globulin; ambulatory patient group; animal pituitary gonadotropin; antegrade pyelo... |
| APHIS | Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service |
| sex behaviour, animal | Sexual activities of animals. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| normal animal | In research, an experimental animal that has neither suffered an attack of a particular disease nor received an injection of a specific microorganism or its toxin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| disease models, animal | Animal disease whose pathologic mechanisms are sufficiently similar to those of a different human disease for the animal disease to serve as a model. The animal disease may be either induced or naturally occurring so long as it is not the same clinical entity as the disease for which it serves as a model. E.g., scrapie is an animal model for multiple sclerosis, which has never been found or induced in an animal. (12 Dec 1998) |
| eliminative behaviour, animal | Behaviour associated with the elimination of feces and urine from the body. (12 Dec 1998) |
| toxoplasmosis, animal | Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus toxoplasma. (12 Dec 1998) |
| transgenic animal | Genetically engineered animalor offspring of genetically engineeredanimals. The transgenic animal usually contains material from at leaseone unrelated organism, such as from a virus, plant, or other animal. (09 Oct 1997) |
| laboratory animal science | The science and technology dealing with the procurement, breeding, care, health, and selection of animals used in biomedical research and testing. (12 Dec 1998) |
| lameness, animal | A departure from the normal gait in animals. It is also called claudication. (12 Dec 1998) |
| adhesion phenomenon | A phenomenon manifested by the adherence of antigen-antibody-complement complex to "indicator cells" (microorganisms, platelets, leukocytes, or erythrocytes), the reaction being sensitive and specific for the antigen and antibody in the complex. Synonym: erythrocyte adherence phenomenon, immune adherence phenomenon, red cell adherence phenomenon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| AFORMED phenomenon | As induced pulsus alternans progresses, a state in which alternating heart depolarisations fail to eject any blood, thus allowing longer diastolic filling; the subsequent beat is then able to produce a significant ejection; at high rates the cardiac minute volume and blood pressure may appear normal. Origin: Alternating, failure of response, mechanical, to electrical depolarisation (05 Mar 2000) |
| all-or-nothing phenomenon | <physiology> Refers to the phenomenon where the strength of a nerve impulse is not dependent on the strength of the stimulus. Instead, there is a threshold level of stimulus strength that must be reached before the nerve will fire an impulse (at full capacity). Below the threshold, the nerve will not fire at all. <cardiology> It also refers to the same phenomenon observed in the heart muscle, which will either contract fully or not at all. <psychology> In studies of behaviour, it refers to the same phenomenon where a behavioural stimulus will either produce a complete response or no response at all. Also called all-or-nothing principle, all-or-none law, all-or-none responsiveness, etc. (15 Nov 1997) |
| Anrep phenomenon | Homeometric autoregulation of the heart whereby cardiac performance improves as the afterload (aortic pressure) is increased. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aqueous influx phenomenon | The filling of the aqueous vein, which normally carries blood and aqueous, with aqueous, when the junction of the aqueous vein and the recipient vein is partially occluded. Synonym: Ascher's aqueous influx phenomenon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Arias-Stella phenomenon | Focal, unusual, decidual changes in endometrial epithelium, consisting of intraluminal budding, and nuclear enlargement and hyperchromatism with cytoplasmic swelling and vacuolation; may be associated with ectopic or uterine pregnancy. Synonym: Arias-Stella effect, Arias-Stella reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| arm phenomenon | In tetany, spasm both of the extensor muscles of the knee and of the calf muscles when the extended leg is flexed at the hip. Synonym: leg phenomenon, Pool-Schlesinger sign, Schlesinger's sign. In tetany, contraction of the arm muscles following the stretching of the brachial plexus by elevation of the arm above the head with the forearm extended, resembles the contraction resulting from stimulation of the ulnar nerve. Synonym: arm phenomenon. (05 Mar 2000) |