| CAH | chronic active hepatitis; chronic aggressive hepatitis; combined atrial hypertrophy; congenital adre... |
|---|---|
| HA | H antigen; Hakim-Adams [syndrome]; halothane anesthesia; Hartley [guinea pig]; headache; health alli... |
| HBV | hepatitis B vaccine; hepatitis B virus |
| HDV | hepatitis D virus; hepatitis delta virus |
| αHBe | Antibody against Hepatitis Be Antigen |
| antigens, CD4 | <immunology> 55-kD glycoproteins originally defined as differentiation antigens on T-lymphocytes, but also found on other cells including monocytes/macrophages. CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. Cd4 antigens also serve as HIV receptors, binding directly to the envelope protein gp120 on HIV. The protein structure on the surface of a human cell that allows HIV to attach, enter, and thus infect a cell. CD4 receptors are present on CD4 cells (helper T-cells), macrophages and dendritic cells, among others. Normally, CD4 acts as an accessory molecule, forming part of larger structures (such as the T-cell receptor) through which Tcells and other cells signal each other. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| antigens, CD40 | <immunology> Differentiation antigens found on all mature B-lymphocytes and some epithelial cells, carcinomas, and lymphoid dendritic cells. This is a member of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily. Evidence suggests that CD40-dependent activation of B-cells is important for generation of memory B-cells within the germinal centres. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD44 | <immunology> Acidic sulfated integral membrane glycoproteins expressed in several alternatively spliced and variable glycosylated forms on a wide variety of cell types including mature T-cells, B-cells, medullary thymocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, erythrocytes, and fibroblasts. Cd44 antigens are the principle cell surface receptors for hyaluronate and this interaction mediates binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD45 | <immunology> High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of all leukocytes and their haemopoietic progenitors. The CD45 family consists of multiple members that are all products of a single gene. Cd45 expression is necessary for signalling through the T-cell receptor. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD5 | <immunology> Glycoproteins expressed on all mature T-cells, thymocytes, and a subset of mature B-cells. Antibodies specific for CD5 can enhance T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell activation. The B-cell-specific molecule CD72 is a natural ligand for CD5. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD55 | <immunology> Glycoproteins broadly distributed among haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells. Cd55 prevents the assembly of c3 convertase or accelerates the disassembly of preformed convertase, thus blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD56 | <immunology> The 140-kD isoform of ncam (neural cell adhesion molecule) containing a transmembrane domain and short cytoplasmic tail. It is expressed by all lymphocytes mediating non-MHC restricted cytotoxicity and is present on some neural tissues and tumours. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD57 | <immunology> Oligosaccharide antigenic determinants found principally on nk cells and T-cells. Their role in the immune response is poorly understood. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD58 | <immunology> Glycoproteins with a wide distribution on haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells and strongly expressed on macrophages. Cd58 mediates cell adhesion by binding to CD2 (antigens, CD2) and this enhances antigen-specific T-cell activation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD59 | <immunology> Small glycoproteins found on both haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells. Cd59 restricts the cytolytic activity of homologous complement by binding to c8 and c9 and blocking the assembly of the membrane attack complex. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD7 | <immunology> Differentiation antigens expressed on pluripotential haematopoietic cells, most human thymocytes, and a major subset of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. They have been implicated in integrin-mediated cellular adhesion and as signalling receptors on T-cells. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD8 | <immunology> Differentiation antigens found on thymocytes and on cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes. Cd8 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are associative recognition elements in major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted interactions. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD80 | <immunology> The natural ligand for the T-cell antigen CD28 (antigens, CD28) mediating t-cell and B-cell adhesion. Cd80 is expressed on activated B-cells and gamma-interferon-stimulated monocytes. The binding of CD80 to CD28 and ctla-4 provides a co-stimulatory signal to T-cells and leads to greatly upregulated lymphokine production. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, CD95 | <immunology> Differentiation antigens expressed on a variety of cell lines including myeloid and lymphoblastoid cell lines. Their primary role is to regulate peripheral immune responses, which is achieved by triggering apoptosis. (12 Dec 1998) |
| antigens, differentiation | Antigens expressed primarily on the membranes of living cells during sequential stages of maturation and differentiation. As immunologic markers they have high organ and tissue specificity and are useful as probes in studies of normal cell development as well as neoplastic transformation. (12 Dec 1998) |