| gamma-glutamyl cycle | A proposed pathway for the glutathione-dependent transport of certain amino acids (most notably l-cystine, l-methionine, and l-glutamine) and dipeptides into certain cells; this cycle requires the formation of gamma-glutamyl amino acids and gamma-glutamyl dipeptides as well as a protein for the translocation of these di-and triisopeptides into the cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| genesial cycle | The reproductive period of a woman's life. (05 Mar 2000) |
| visual cycle | The transformation of carotenoids involved in the bleaching and regeneration of the visual pigment. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cell cycle | <cell biology, molecular biology> The sequence of events between mitotic divisions. The cycle is conventionally divided into G0, G1, (G standing for gap), S (synthesis phase during which the DNA is replicated), G2 and M (mitosis). Cells that will not divide again are considered to be in G0 and the transition from G0 to G1 is thought to commit the cell to completing the cycle and dividing. (26 Mar 1998) |
| cell cycle proteins | Proteins that control the cell division cycle. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including cyclin-dependent kinases, mitogen-activated kinases, cyclins, and phosphoprotein phosphatases (phosphoprotein phosphatase) as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, and transcription factors. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cell cycle restriction point | <cell biology, molecular biology> A point, late in G1, after which the cell must, normally, proceed through to division at its standard rate. (26 Mar 1998) |
| cell division cycle gene | Genes which control the yeast cell cycle. There are around 50 different genes which do this. (09 Oct 1997) |
| cell division cycle mutant | A yeast cell which has cell division cycle genes that have mutated to become sensitive to temperature, at certain temperatures (usually high ones), various parts of the normal yeast cell cycle become abnormal, and in some strains the yeast cell does not survive at all. (09 Oct 1997) |
| reproductive cycle | The cycle which begins with conception and extends through gestation and parturition. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glycine-succinate cycle | A series of metabolic steps in which glycine is condensed with succinyl-CoA and is then oxidised to CO2 and H2O with regeneration of the succinyl-CoA; important in the synthesis of d-aminolevulinic acid and in the metabolism of red blood cells. Synonym: Shemin cycle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| restored cycle | An atrial or ventricular cardiac cycle that follows the returning cycle and resumes the normal rhythm. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glyoxylate cycle | <biochemistry> Metabolic pathway present in bacteria and in the glyoxisome of plants, in which two acetyl CoA molecules are converted to a 4 carbon dicarboxylic acid, initially succinate. Includes two enzymes not found elsewhere, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. Permits net synthesis of carbohydrates from lipid and hence is prominent in those seeds in which lipid is the principal food reserve. (18 Nov 1997) |
| glyoxylic acid cycle | A catabolic cycle in plants and microorganisms like that of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in animals; its key reaction is the condensation of acetyl-CoA with glyoxylic acid to malic acid (analogous to the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid in the tricarboxylic acid cycle). Synonym: Krebs-Kornberg cycle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pentose phosphate cycle | <biochemistry> A pathway of hexose oxidation in which glucose-6-phosphate undergoes two successive oxidations by NADP, the final one being an oxidative decarboxylation to form a pentose phosphate. Diverges from this when glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized to ribose 5 phosphate by the enzyme glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase. This step reduces NADP to NADPH, generating a source of reducing power in cells for use in reductive biosyntheses. In plants, part of the pathway functions in the formation of hexoses from carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. Also important as source of pentoses, for example for nucleic acid biosynthesis. This pathway is the main metabolic pathway in neutrophils, congenital deficiency in the pathway produces sensitivity to infection. Alternative metabolic route to Embden Meyerhof pathway for breakdown of glucose. (18 Nov 1997) |
| gonadotrophic cycle | One complete round of ovarian development in the insect vector from the time when the blood meal is taken to the time when the fully developed eggs are laid. (05 Mar 2000) |