| aldose | <chemistry> Any monosaccharide sugar that contains an aldehyde group (-CHO). (06 May 1997) |
|---|---|
| aldose 1-epimerase | <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the reversible interconversion of alpha-and beta-aldoses (e.g., alpha-and beta-d-glucose); also acts on l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose, maltose, and lactose. Synonym: aldose mutarotase, mutarotase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldose mutarotase | <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the reversible interconversion of alpha-and beta-aldoses (e.g., alpha-and beta-d-glucose); also acts on l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose, maltose, and lactose. Synonym: aldose mutarotase, mutarotase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldose reductase | A polyol dehydrogenase (NADP+);an oxidoreductase that reversibly converts aldoses to alditols (e.g., glucose to sorbitol) with NADPH as hydrogen donor. An important step in the metabolism of sorbitol and in the formation of diabetic cataracts. See: d-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldose reductase inhibitor | <pharmacology> A class of drugs being studied as a way to prevent eye and nerve damage in people with diabetes. Aldose reductase is an enzyme that is normally present in the eye and in many other parts of the body. It helps change glucose (sugar) into a sugar alcohol called sorbitol. Too much sorbitol trapped in eye and nerve cells can damage these cells, leading to retinopathy and neuropathy. Drugs that prevent or slow (inhibit) the action of aldose reductase are being studied as a way to prevent or delay these complications of diabetes. (09 Oct 1997) |
| aldose-ketose isomerases | <enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of aldoses and ketoses. Registry number: EC 5.3.1 (12 Dec 1998) |
| aldoside | A glucoside in which the sugar moiety is an aldose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldosterone | <endocrinology, hormone> A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, that controls salt and water balance in the kidney. Abnormally high levels of this hormone cause sodium retention, high blood pressure, heart rhythum irregularities and possibly paralysis (18 Nov 1997) |
| aldosterone antagonist | An agent that opposes the action of the adrenal hormone aldosterone on renal tubular mineralocorticoid retention; these agents, e.g., spironolactone, are useful in treating the hypertension of primary hyperaldosteronism, or the sodium retention of secondary hyperaldosteronism. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldosterone antagonists | Compounds which inhibit or antagonise the biosynthesis or actions of aldosterone. (12 Dec 1998) |
| aldosteronism | <endocrinology> A disorder of excessive aldosterone secretion. (27 Sep 1997) |
| aldosteronogenesis | Formation of the hormone, aldosterone. Origin: aldosterone + G. Genesis, production (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldotetrose | A four-carbon aldose; e.g., threose, erythrose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldotriose | A three-carbon aldose; e.g., d-or l-glyceraldehyde. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldoxime | A compound derived by the reaction of an aldose with hydroxylamine, thus containing the aldoxime group -HC==NOH. (05 Mar 2000) |