| 영문 | Papanicolaou smear(test) | 한글 | 파파니콜로 도말검사 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 줄여서 팝도말검사(Pap smear)이라고 부른다. 여성의 자궁목암의 발생을 미리 알아보기 위해 시행하는 검사법으로 미국에서는 이 방법으로 현재 자궁목암발생에 의한 사망률을 현저히 낮추고 있다. 방법은 산부인과에서 시행하며, 여성의 자궁목에서 세포를 가져다가 도말하여 현미경으로 검사한다. 요즈음에 와서는 자궁목뿐 아니라 호흡기나 비뇨기 등 분비물을 도말하여 파파니콜로 염색을 하여 검사하는 것도 여기에 포함된다. (그림 P-3). |
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| 영문 | glucose tolerance test | 한글 | 포도당견딤검사 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 포도당견딤 검사란 당뇨병의 진단에 사용되는 검사로 당을 체내에 투여하고 시간 별로 혈액을 채취하여 혈당의 농도를 재어서 고혈당 여부를 조사하는 검사이다. 주로 경구포도당견딤검사(oral glucose tolerance test)를 많이 하는데 이것은 10~16시간의 금식 후에 채혈을 한번 한뒤에 도당 75g을 250~300mL의 물에 녹여 5분에 걸쳐서 마시게 하고 매시간 별로 채혈을 하여 혈당의 농도를 첵크한다. 공복시에 정맥에서 채혈하여 측정한 혈당이 140mg/dL이상이거나 포도당견딤 검사 2시간후의 혈당이 200mg/dL이상일 경우에는 당뇨병으로 진단을 한다. 그러나 이 검사를 실시할 경우에 주의해야 할 점은 검사전 3일간 하루에 150g이상의 탄수화물을 섭취해야 한다는 것과 검사도중에 운동, 흡연 등을 하지 않아야 한다는 것이다. |
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| 영문 | blood test | 한글 | 혈액검사 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액형이나 질병 유무 따위를 알기 위하여 피를 뽑아 행하는 검사. 몸 전체의 장기나 조직에 병터가 있으면 이들 성분에 변화가 있게 되어 진단에 큰 도움을 준다. |
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| Ames assay | <procedure> One of a number of procedures used to test substances for likely ability to cause cancer that combines the use of animal tissue to generate active metabolites of the substance with a test for mutagenicity in bacteria. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| antibiotic assay | <investigation> A test to determine how sensitive a bacterial or fungal strain is to arange of antibiotics bymeasuring the microbes' ability to grow in astandard dilution of each chemical. (09 Oct 1997) |
| assay | <procedure> The determination of the amount of a particular constituent of a mixture or of the biological or pharmacological potency of a drug. (10 May 1997) |
| bandshift assay | <investigation> An assay for proteins, such as transcription factors, that bind specific DNA sequences. A labelled oligonucleotide corresponding to the recognition sequence is incubated with an appropriate nuclear protein extract and run on a nondenaturing acrylamide gel. Oligonucleotides that have been bound by proteins are retarded relative to those that are unbound. (18 Nov 1997) |
| biological assay | <technique> Once a pharmaceutical protein is isolated from the cells in which it was grown, researchers perform tests to measure the protein's biological activity. It must maintain a certain minimal level of biological activity to be used for animal or clinical testing or, later, for market. Researchers also test to confirm that the isolated protein is identical to the desired protein. (21 Mar 1998) |
| radioimmunoprecipitation assay | Sensitive assay using radiolabelled antigens to detect specific antibodies in serum. The antigens are allowed to react with the serum and then precipitated using a special reagent such as protein a sepharose beads. The bound radiolabelled immunoprecipitate is then commonly analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa) is often used as a confirmatory test for diagnosing the presence of HIV antibodies. (12 Dec 1998) |
| radioligand assay | <radiobiology> Quantitative determination of receptor (binding) proteins in body fluids or tissue using radioactively labelled binding reagents (e.g., antibodies, intracellular receptors, plasma binders). (12 Dec 1998) |
| radioreceptor assay | A competitive binding assay in which the binder is a membrane or tissue receptor rather than an antibody. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Raji cell radioimmune assay | For immune complexes; a procedure by which immune complexes adsorbed from a test serum by a standard preparation of lymphoblastoid (Raji) cells are assayed by the capacity to bind 125I-labelled antibody to immunoglobulin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gel retardation assay | A lab technique used to find out if there are proteins binding a fragment of DNA (in a DNA-protein complex) by watching how fast the DNA fragment moves through an electric field and seeing whether it moves slower when a particular protein is also present. (09 Oct 1997) |
| checkerboard assay | <procedure> Variant of the Boyden chamber assay for leucocyte chemotaxis introduced by Zigmond. By testing different concentrations of putative chemotactic factor in nongradient conditions, it is possible to calculate the enhancement of movement expected due simply to chemokinesis and to compare this with the distances moved in positive and negative gradients. Good experimental design thus allows chemotaxis to be distinguished from chemokinesis. (21 May 1997) |
| chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay | <investigation> A lab technique used to determine whether a given fragment of DNA has a promoter on it to encourage transcription to occur, by attaching the gene (called the CAT gene) which codes for the CAT enzyme to it, and observing whether the CAT enzyme is produced. (05 Jan 1998) |
| Grunstein-Hogness assay | A procedure for identifying plasmid clones by colony hybridization. (05 Mar 2000) |
| christmas factor assay | A test used to measure the activity of a blood clotting factor IX (Christmas factor). This test may be used to evaluate excessive bleeding. Abnormally low factor IX assays may be seen in the following conditions: congenital deficiency of factor IX, fat malabsorption, heparin administration, cirrhosis, vitamin K deficiency and warfarin administration. (27 Sep 1997) |
| clonogenic assay | In vitro culturing of neoplastic cells to test their radiosensitivity or chemosensitivity, and probable clinical efficacy of a therapeutic agent. (05 Mar 2000) |