| laryngeal epilepsy | A form of reflex epilepsy precipitated by coughing. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| laryngeal glands | A large number of mixed glands in the mucous membrane of the larynx; they are called, according to their situation, anterior, middle, and posterior. Synonym: glandulae laryngeae, laryngeal glands. (05 Mar 2000) |
| laryngeal granuloma | A polypoid granulomatous projection of granulomatous tissue into the lumen of the larynx, commonly following a traumatic tracheal intubation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| laryngeal lymphatic follicles | Small follicles located on the posterior aspect of the epiglottis and in the ventricle of the larynx. Synonym: folliculi lymphatici laryngei. (05 Mar 2000) |
| laryngeal mask | A tubular oropharyngeal airway with an inflatable rim at the distal end that when inflated creates an airtight seal immediately above the larynx. (05 Mar 2000) |
| laryngeal masks | A type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation and standard mask anaesthesia in certain patients. It is introduced into the hypopharynx to form a seal around the larynx thus permitting spontaneous or positive pressure ventilation without penetration of the larynx or oesophagus. It is used in place of a facemask in routine anaesthesia. The advantages over standard mask anaesthesia are better airway control, minimal anaesthetic gas leakage, a secure airway during patient transport to the recovery area, and minimal postoperative problems. (12 Dec 1998) |
| laryngeal mucosa | The mucous lining of the larynx; mainly stratified squamous epithelium in the upper part and ciliated columnar in the lower part of the larynx. (12 Dec 1998) |
| laryngeal muscles | The intrinsic muscles of the larynx are the aryepiglottic(us), arytenoid(eus), cricoarytenoid(eus), cricothyroid(eus), thyroarytenoid(eus), thyroepiglottic(us) and vocal(is). (12 Dec 1998) |
| laryngeal neoplasms | Cancers or tumours of the larynx or any of its parts: the glottis, epiglottis, laryngeal cartilages, laryngeal muscles, and vocal cords. (12 Dec 1998) |
| laryngeal nerves | Branches of the vagus nerve (the tenth cranial nerve). The superior laryngeal nerves originate near the nodose ganglion and separate into external branches, which supply motor fibres to the cricothyroid muscles, and internal branches, which carry sensory fibres. The recurrent (inferior) laryngeal nerve originates more caudally and carries efferents to all muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid. The laryngeal nerves and their various branches also carry sensory and autonomic fibres to the laryngeal, pharyngeal, tracheal, and cardiac regions. (12 Dec 1998) |
| laryngeal oedema | Oedema of any region of the larynx from a variety of causes. In the earliest stages it may be difficult to differentiate from infection, although mucosal injection and erythema are found more often in the latter. Allergic oedema may result as a response from provocation induced by foods, inhalants, and drugs. The entire respiratory tract or only an isolated portion of the larynx may be affected. Laryngeal oedema may also be hereditary. Other possible causes of laryngeal oedema include increased capillary pressure due to superior vena cava syndrome, internal jugular vein ligation, lowered plasma osmotic failure induced by renal failure, impaired lymphatic flow, and increased capillary permeability to proteins. (12 Dec 1998) |
| laryngeal papilloma | A warty growth in the larynx, ususally on the vocal cords. Persistent hoarseness is a common symptom. (12 Dec 1998) |
| laryngeal papillomatosis | <radiology> most common laryngeal tumour in kids, probably viral, transbronchial spread: uncommonly (<5%) in patients with large, chronic papillomata, and multiple surgical procedures, nodular lung densities, thin-walled cavities (frequently RUL) (12 Dec 1998) |
| laryngeal part of pharynx | The part of the pharynx lying below the aperture of the larynx and behind the larynx; it extends from the vestibule of the larynx to the oesophagus at the level of the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage. Synonym: pars laryngea pharyngis, hypopharynx, laryngeal part of pharynx, laryngeal pharynx. (05 Mar 2000) |
| laryngeal pharynx | The part of the pharynx lying below the aperture of the larynx and behind the larynx; it extends from the vestibule of the larynx to the oesophagus at the level of the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage. Synonym: pars laryngea pharyngis, hypopharynx, laryngeal part of pharynx, laryngeal pharynx. (05 Mar 2000) |