| tropical myositis | A disease observed in Samoa and in tropical Africa, marked by pains in the extremities, fever of a remittent or intermittent type, and abscesses in the muscles in various parts of the body (may result in death from sepsis); causative organisms are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, but usually the disease is associated with parasitic infections. Synonym: bungpagga, lambo lambo, tropical myositis, tropical pyomyositis. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| tropical pyomyositis | A disease observed in Samoa and in tropical Africa, marked by pains in the extremities, fever of a remittent or intermittent type, and abscesses in the muscles in various parts of the body (may result in death from sepsis); causative organisms are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, but usually the disease is associated with parasitic infections. Synonym: bungpagga, lambo lambo, tropical myositis, tropical pyomyositis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tropical sore | Infection with promastigotes (leptomonads) of Leishmania tropica and of leishmaniasis major inoculated into the skin by the bite of an infected sandfly, Phlebotomus (commonly P. Papatasi); it is endemic in parts of Asia Minor, northern Africa, and India, and is known by innumerable names, each indicating its locality (e.g., Aleppo, Baghdad, Delhi, or Jericho boil; Aden ulcer; Biskra button); the ulcer begins as a papule that enlarges to a nodule and then breaks down into an ulcer. Two distinctive clinical and epidemiological diseases are recognised, the more common and widespread zoonotic rural disease with a moist acute form, caused by L. Major, with reservoir rodent hosts; and an urban, anthroponotic, dry, chronic form of leishmaniasis caused by leishmaniasis tropica, without a reservoir host, and now largely controlled. See: zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. Synonym: juccuya, Old World leishmaniasis, tropical sore. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tropical splenomegaly | A chronic disease, occurring in India, Assam, China, the area formerly known as the Mediterranean littoral areas, the Middle East, India, Pakistan, China, South and Central America, Asia, Africa caused by Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the bite of an appropriate species of sandfly of the genus Phlebotomus or Lutzomyia; the organisms grow and multiply in macrophages, eventually causing them to burst and liberate amastigote parasites which then invade other macrophages; proliferation of macrophages in the bone marrow causes crowding out of erythroid and myeloid elements, resulting in leukopenia, and anaemia, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly which are characteristic, along with enlargement of lymph nodes; fever, fatigue, malaise, and secondary infections also occur; different strains of leishmaniasis donovani occur; leishmaniasis infantum in Eurasia, leishmaniasis chagasi in Latin America. Synonym: Assam fever, black sickness, Burdwan fever, cachectic fever, Dumdum fever, kala azar, tropical splenomegaly. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tropical splenomegaly syndrome | A syndrome characterised by persistent splenomegaly, exceptionally high serum IgM and malaria antibody levels, and hepatic sinusoidal lymphocytosis; believed to be a disturbance in the T-lymphocyte control of the humoral response to recurrent malaria. Synonym: tropical splenomegaly syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tropical typhus | See Typhus, scrub. (12 Dec 1998) |
| tropical ulcer | The lesion occurring in cutaneous leishmaniasis, tropical phagedenic ulceration caused by a variety of microorganisms, including mycobacteria; common in northern Nigeria. Synonym: tropical sore. (05 Mar 2000) |
| moss-lichen wetland | <ecology> A wetland dominated by mosses (mainly peat mosses) and lichens with little taller vegetation. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Wilson's lichen | A primary disorder of the skin resulting in violaceous, polygonal, flat skin lesions that often pruritic (itchy). Seen commonly on the wrists, shins, lower back and genitalia. Involvement of the scalp may lead to hair loss. The cause of lichen planus is unknown, but may occur after the use of a drug (thiazide diuretics, phenothiazines, antimalarials). Treatment with topical corticosteroids is common. In most patients, spontaneous regression of the disease will be seen 6 months to 2 years after onset. (27 Sep 1997) |
| lichen | A large group of symbiotic associations between fungi and green and occasionally blue green algae. Several genera of algae and of fungi are involved and the associations are so stable and of such varied but distinct types that the lichens have been classified into genera and species. A variety of incompatibility phenomena are often manifest between individual lichens. Confined to terrestrial habitats and often used as indicators of pollution status of the environment. (18 Nov 1997) |
| lichen acuminatus | A primary disorder of the skin resulting in violaceous, polygonal, flat skin lesions that often pruritic (itchy). Seen commonly on the wrists, shins, lower back and genitalia. Involvement of the scalp may lead to hair loss. The cause of lichen planus is unknown, but may occur after the use of a drug (thiazide diuretics, phenothiazines, antimalarials). Treatment with topical corticosteroids is common. In most patients, spontaneous regression of the disease will be seen 6 months to 2 years after onset. (27 Sep 1997) |
| lichen agrius | Acute papular eczema of severe type. Synonym: Celsus' papules. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lichen albus | Chronic lichenoid dermatitis with depigmentation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lichen amyloidosis | Localised cutaneous amyloidosis with pruritic brownish-red papules, most commonly on the lower legs, due to amyloid infiltration of the papillary dermis. Synonym: amyloidosis cutis, lichen amyloidosis. Origin: G. Leichen, lichen, a lichen-like eruption + eidos, resemblance (05 Mar 2000) |
| lichen annularis | <dermatology> Benign granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology characterised by a ring of localised or disseminated papules or nodules on the skin and palisading histiocytes surrounding necrobiotic tissue resulting from altered collagen structures. (12 Dec 1998) |