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"toxin neutralization test"¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °Ë»ö °á°úÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °Ë»ö °á°ú º¸´Â µµÁß¿¡ Tab ۸¦ ´©¸£½Ã¸é °Ë»ö âÀÌ ¼±Åõ˴ϴÙ.
¾Ë±â½¬¿î ÀÇÇпë¾îÇ®ÀÌÁý, ¼­¿ïÀÇ´ë ±³¼ö ÁöÁ¦±Ù, °í·ÁÀÇÇÐ ÃâÆÇ À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 5 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
¿µ¹® patch test ÇÑ±Û Ã¸Æ÷°Ë»ç
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  ÇǺξ˷¹¸£±â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °Ë»ç¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Ç׿øÀ» ºÙÀΠøÆ÷¸¦ ÇǺο¡ ºÎÂøÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ 2ÀÏ ÈÄ¿¡ »çÇϰí, ´Ù½Ã 2ÀÏ ÈÄ¿¡ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù. 2¹ø ¸ðµÎ ÇǺÎÀÌ»óÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸é, ¾Ë·¹¸£±â¹ÝÀÀ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀÌ»ó¼Ò°ßÀ̸ç, ¸¸¾à Ã³À½ 2ÀÏ¿¡´Â ÀÌ»óÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ´ÙÀ½ 2ÀÏ ÈÄ °Ë»ç¿¡¼­ ÀÌ»ó¼Ò°ßÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ´ÜÁö ÇǺÎÀڱؿ¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÀÌ»ó¼Ò°ßÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.
¿µ¹® hearing test ÇÑ±Û Ã»·Â°Ë»ç
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  ±Í°¡ µé¸®´Â Á¤µµ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤Çϴ °Ë»ç. Ã»°¢°Ë»ç¶ó°íµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ¼Ò¸®³ª ¸ñ¼Ò¸®°¡ Àß µé¸®´ÂÁöÀÇ ¿©ºÎ µî Ã»°¢ÀÇ ¿¹¹ÎÇÑ Á¤µµ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤Çϴ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. °Ë»ç¿¡´Â Ã»·Â°è³ª ¼Ò¸®±Á¼è µîÀÇ ±â±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¾ò´Â À½¿ø, Áï ¼øÀ½À» »ç¿ëÇϸç, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®³ª ½Ã°è¼Ò¸® µîµµ À½¿øÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¶Ç À½ÆÄ°¡ ÀüÆÄµÇ´Â ¸ÅÁú¿¡ µû¶ó ±âµµ Ã»·Â°Ë»ç¿Í °ñµµ Ã»·Â°Ë»ç·Î ±¸º°µÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. °Ë»çÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î´Â Ã»°¢ÀÇ »óÇÏÀ½°è³ª ÃÖ¼Ò °¡Ã»¹®ÅΰªÀÇ °Ë»ç¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÏ¿©, ÃæºÐÈ÷ µé¸®´Â ¼Ò¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±×°ÍÀÌ µé¸®´Â »óŸ¦ Á¶»çÇϴ ¹®Åΰª°Ë»ç(¼Ò¸®ÀÇ Å©±â¿Í »óÅÂÀÇ °Ë»ç, ¼¼±âÀÇ ÆÇº°¿ª°Ë»ç µî) ¿Ü¿¡ À½ÇâÀÚ±ØÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀÀ¸·ÎºÎÅ͠Ÿ°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶»çÇϴ ¹æ¹ýµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, À̰ÍÀº ÁַΠ°«³­¾Æ±â³ª Á¤½Åº´È¯ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÁַΠû·Â°è°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ°í, Ã»·ÂÀº µ¥½Ãº§(dB)·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù. Á¤»óÀÎÀº 0dBÀ̰í, ³­Ã»ÀÚÀϼö·Ï ±× ¼ö°¡ Ä¿Áö¸ç, 60dBÀÌ»óÀº »ó´çÈ÷ ³­Ã»À̰í, 80dB ÀÌ»óÀ̸頱͸ӰŸ®ÀÌ´Ù.
¿µ¹® Coombs test ÇÑ±Û Å©¿òÁî°Ë»ç
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  ÀûÇ÷±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×ü¸¦ °Ë»çÇϴ ¹æ¹ý. Ç×ü¶õ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ ¹°Áú¿¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î ±× ¹°ÁúÀÇ ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ¾ïÁ¦Çϰí, ¶Ç´Â ±× ¹°ÁúÀ» ÆÄ±«Çϴ °ÍÀ¸·Î B-¸²ÇÁ±¸¶ó´Â ¸é¿ªÀ» ´ã´çÇϴ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù. ÀÌ Å©¿òÁî°Ë»ç¿¡´Â Á÷Á¢Å©¿òÁî°Ë»ç¿Í °£Á¢Å©¿òÁî°Ë»çÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö°¡ Àִµ¥ Á÷Á¢ Å©¿òÁî°Ë»ç´Â ¸ö¼ÓÀÇ ÀûÇ÷±¸¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î Àִ Ç×ü¸¦ °Ë»çÇϴ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. Ã¤ÃëÇÑ Ç÷¾×À» ÀûÇ÷±¸¸¦ ¾ò¾î¼­ »ç¶÷ÀÇ Ç×ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×ü(»ç¶÷ÀÇ Ç×ü¿¡ Æ¯Á¤ÇϰԠºÎÂøÀÌ µÇ´Â Ç×ü)¸¦ ¹ÝÀÀ½Ã۸é, ¸¸¾à ÀûÇ÷±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×ü°¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î Àִ ÀûÇ÷±¸¶ó¸é »ç¶÷ÀÇ Ç×ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×ü°¡, ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿© Ä§°­ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ÀϾ°Ô µÇ°í Ç×ü°¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀûÇ÷±¸À̸頹ÝÀÀÀÌ ÀϾÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. °£Á¢Å©¿òÁî°Ë»ç´Â Ç÷Àå¼Ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϴ ÀûÇ÷±¸¿Í ºÎÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº Ç×ü¸¦ Ã£¾Æ³»´Â ½ÃÇèÀ¸·Î Ç÷ÀåÀ» Ã¤ÃëÇØ¼­ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀûÇ÷±¸¿Í ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ½ÃŰ°í ¿ª½Ã Ç×ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×ü¸¦ ¹ÝÀÀ½ÃÄѠħ°­¹ÝÀÀÀ» °üÂûÇØ¼­ ±× Ç×ü¸¦ Ã£¾Æ³»´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
¿µ¹® tuberculin test ÇÑ±Û Æ©º£¸£Ä𸰰˻ç
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¿µ¹® Papanicolaou smear(test) ÇÑ±Û ÆÄÆÄ´ÏÄÝ·Î µµ¸»°Ë»ç
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  ÁÙ¿©¼­ ÆËµµ¸»°Ë»ç(Pap smear)À̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ¿©¼ºÀÇ Àڱøñ¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß»ýÀ» ¹Ì¸® ¾Ë¾Æº¸±â À§ÇØ ½ÃÇàÇϴ °Ë»ç¹ýÀ¸·Î ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÇöÀç Àڱøñ¾Ï¹ß»ý¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »ç¸Á·üÀ» ÇöÀúÈ÷ ³·Ãß°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹æ¹ýÀº »êºÎÀΰú¿¡¼­ ½ÃÇàÇϸç, ¿©¼ºÀÇ Àڱøñ¿¡¼­ ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ °¡Á®´Ù°¡ µµ¸»ÇÏ¿© Çö¹Ì°æÀ¸·Î °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù. ¿äÁîÀ½¿¡ ¿Í¼­´Â Àڱøñ»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó È£Èí±â³ª ºñ´¢±â µî ºÐºñ¹°À» µµ¸»ÇÏ¿© ÆÄÆÄ´ÏÄݷΠ¿°»öÀ» ÇÏ¿© °Ë»çÇϴ °Íµµ ¿©±â¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.
  
  (±×¸² P-3).
´ëÇÑÀÇÇù ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • Ames test
    ¿¡ÀÓ½º°Ë»ç
  • basophil degranulation test
    È£¿°±â±¸Å»°ú¸³°Ë»ç
  • Bender Gestalt test
    º¥´õ°Ô½´Å»Æ®°Ë»ç
  • Bernstein test
    ¹ø½ºÅ¸Àΰ˻ç
  • bile solubility test
    ¾µ°³Áó¿ëÇØµµ°Ë»ç, ´ãÁó¿ëÇØµµ°Ë»ç
  • biliary drainage test
    ¾µ°³Áó¹èÃâ°Ë»ç, ´ãÁó¹èÃâ°Ë»ç
  • bactericidal test
    »ì±Õ°Ë»ç
  • biuret test
    ºä·¿°Ë»ç
  • blank test
    ºí·©Å©Å×½ºÆ®, °ø½ÃÇè, ´ëÁ¶½ÃÇè
  • bleeding time test
    ÃâÇ÷½Ã°£°Ë»ç
  • blood coagulation test
    Ç÷¾×ÀÀ°í°Ë»ç
  • blood sugar test
    Ç÷´ç°Ë»ç
  • blood test
    Ç÷¾×°Ë»ç
  • bone conduction test
    »ÀÀüµµ°Ë»ç, °ñÀüµµ°Ë»ç
  • balloon occlusion test
    dz¼±Æó¼â°Ë»ç
´ëÇÑÀÇÇù Çʼö ÀÇÇпë¾îÁý »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • intradermal test
    Çdz»°Ë»ç, Çdz»¹ÝÀÀ°Ë»ç
  • metacholine challenge test
    ¸ÞŸÄݸ°À¯¹ß°Ë»ç
  • NBT test
    (¢¡nitroblue tetrazolium test) ´ÏÆ®·Îºí·çÅׯ®¶óÁ¹·ý°Ë»ç
  • nonstress test
    ºñ¼öÃà°Ë»ç
  • occlusion test
    1.¸Â¹°¸²°Ë»ç, ±³ÇÕ°Ë»ç, 2.Æó¼â°Ë»ç
  • occult blood test
    ÀáÇ÷°Ë»ç
  • oral glucose tolerance test
    °æ±¸Æ÷µµ´çºÎÇϰ˻ç
  • osmotic fragility test
    »ïÅõ¾ÐÃë¾à¼º°Ë»ç, »ïÅõ¾Ð¿©¸²¼º°Ë»ç
  • Pap test
    (¢¡Papanicolaou test) ÆÄÆÄ´ÏÄݷΰ˻ç
  • Papanicolaou test
    ÆÄÆÄ´ÏÄݷΰ˻ç
  • patch test
    ÇǺÎÁ¢Ã˰˻ç, øÆ÷°Ë»ç
  • paternity test
    Ä£ÀÚ°¨Á¤
  • pilot test
    ¿¹ºñ°Ë»ç
  • pin prick test
    ¹Ù´Ãµû²û°Ë»ç, ¹Ù´ÃÅë°¢°Ë»ç
  • postcoital test
    ¼º±³Èİ˻ç
¿¾ ´ëÇÑÀÇÇù ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • alternate cover test
    ±³´ë°¡¸²°Ë»ç
  • antibody identification test
    Ç×üȮÀΰ˻ç
  • antibody screening test
    Ç×ü¼±º°°Ë»ç
  • antiglobulin test
    Çױ۷κҸ°°Ë»ç
  • antimicrobial susceptibility test
    Ç×±ÕÁ¦°¨¼ö¼º½ÃÇè
  • antinuclear antibody test
    Ç×ÇÙÇ×ü°Ë»ç
  • aptitude test
    Àû¼º°Ë»ç
  • arborization test
    ºÐÁö½ÃÇè
  • articulation test
    ¹ßÀ½°Ë»ç
  • artificial erection test
    Àΰø¹ß±â°Ë»ç
  • audibility test
    û·Â°Ë»ç, û·ÂÃøÁ¤
  • auditory recruitment test
    û°¢º¸Ãæ°Ë»ç
  • autoclave test sheet
    ¸ê±ÕÈ®Àΰ˻çÁö
  • autohemolysis test
    ÀÚ°¡¿ëÇ÷½ÃÇè
  • bactericidal test
    »ì±Õ½ÃÇè
¿¾ ´ëÇÑÀÇÇù 2 ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • C-Stix test
    C-½ºÆ½½º½ÃÇè<<¾Æ½ºÄÚ¸£ºó»ê½ÃÇè>>
  • CPT=£¾cold pressure test
    ³Ã¾Ð¹Ú½ÃÇè.
  • Callaways test
    Ķ·¯¿þÀ̽ÃÇè.
  • Carr-Price test
    Ä«¾Æ-ÇÁ¶óÀ̽º½ÃÇè.
  • Cartwright test
    īƮ¶óÀÌÆ®½ÃÇè
  • Casamajors test
    Ä«»ç¸ÞÁ¶¸£½ÃÇè.
  • Chapmans test
    Â÷ÇÁ¸¸½ÃÇè.
  • Charlton blanching test
    »þ¸¦Åæ½ÃÇè.
  • Chautards test
    ¼îŸ¸£½ÃÇè.
  • Cherry-randall test
    ü¸®-Å©¶õ´Þ½ÃÇè.
  • Chido test
    Chido ½ÃÇè
  • Chopras test
    ¼îÇÁ¶ó°Ë»ç.
  • Congo red test
    Äá°íÀû½ÃÇè.»ýÈ­Äá°í·¹µå½ÃÇè.
  • Continuous Performance Test
    Áö¼Ó¼öÇà °Ë»ç
  • Coombs consumption test
    Äñ½º¼Ò¸ð°Ë»ç
¿¾ ´ëÇÑÀÇÇù 3 ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • erythrogenic toxin
    ¹ßÀûµ¶¼Ò
  • exfoliative toxin
    Ç¥Çǹڸ®µ¶¼Ò
  • exogenous toxin
    ¿Üµ¶¼Ò(èâÔ¸áÈ).
  • heat-labile toxin (LT)
    ÀÌ¿­¼ºµ¶¼Ò
  • heat-stable toxin (ST)
    ³»¿­¼ºµ¶¼Ò
  • hemolytic theta toxin
    ¿ëÇ÷¼º Å׿¡Å¸µ¶¼Ò.
  • lethal toxin
    Ä¡»çµ¶¼Ò(¡­Ô¸áÈ).
  • lethal toxin
    Ä¡»çµ¶¼Ò(ÊÙËÄËÛ).
  • neuro-toxin
  • pertussis toxin
    ¹éÀÏÇØµ¶¼Ò
  • plant toxin
    ½Ä¹°µ¶¼Ò(ãÕÚªÔ¸áÈ).
  • respiratory toxin
    È£Èíµ¶(û¼ýåÔ¸).
  • respiratory toxin
    È£Èíµ¶(û¼ýåÔ¸)
  • scarlatinal toxin
    ¼ºÈ«¿­µ¶¼Ò(¡­Ô¸áÈ).
  • scarlatinal toxin
    ¼ºÈ«¿­µ¶¼Ò(¡­Ô¸áÈ)
´ëÇÑ»ýÈ­ÇкÐÀÚ»ý¹°ÇÐȸ ¿ë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • complement fixation test
    º¸Ã¼°íÁ¤½ÃÇè(ÜÍô÷ͳïÒãËúÐ)
  • consumption test
    ¼Ò¸ð½ÃÇè(á¼ÙÄãËúÐ)
  • Coombs' test
    ÄñÁî ½ÃÇè(ãËúÐ)
  • cross-agglutination test
    ±³Â÷ÀÀÁý °Ë»ç(Îßó©ëêó¢ËþÞÛ)
  • Farr test
    ÆÄ¾Æ ½ÃÇè (ãËúÐ)
  • Fehling's test
    Æç¸µ ½ÃÇè(ãËúÐ)
  • fluctuation test
    ¿äµ¿ ½ÃÇè(èôÔÑãËúÐ)
  • Fouchet's test
    Ǫ½¦ °Ë»ç(ËþÞÛ)
  • F test
    F ½ÃÇè(ãËúÐ)
  • galactose tolerance test
    °¶¶ôÅ佺 ³»¼º°Ë»ç(Ò±àõËþÞÛ)
  • glucose tolerance test
    ±Û·çÄÚ½º ³»¼º °Ë»ç(Ò±àõì×í­)
  • hapten inhibition test
    ÇÕÅÙ ÀúÇØ½ÃÇè(ãËúÐ)
  • Harris-Ray test
    ÇØ¸®½º-·¡ÀÌ ½ÃÇè(ãËúÐ)
  • Heller's test
    Çï·¯ ½ÃÇè(ãËúÐ)
  • immunoprecipitation test
    ¸é¿ªÄ§Àü ½ÃÇè(Øóæ¹öØîþãËúÐ)
KI ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 2 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • treadmill exercise test
    ´äÂ÷¿îµ¿°Ë»ç
  • vestibular function test
    ÀüÁ¤±â´É°Ë»ç
KMLE ÀÇÇоà¾î »çÀü À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 5 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
ANC absolute neutrophil count; acid neutralization capacity; antigen-neutralizing capacity; Army Nurse C...
CRN complement requiring neutralization
NI neuraminidase inhibition; neurological improvement; neutralization index; no information; noise inde...
PN papillary necrosis; parenteral nutrition; penicillin; perceived noise; percussion note; periarteriti...
SN sclerema neonatorum; scrub nurse; sensorineural; sensory neuron; serum neutralization; sinus node; s...
KMLE ÀÚµ¿ÃßÃâ ÀÇÇоà¾î »çÀü À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 5 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
BtxA Botulinum Toxin A
BOTOX Botulinum Toxin Type A
BTXA Botulinum Toxin Type A
BTX Botulinum toxin
BT-A Botulinum toxin A
°æºÏ´ë Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­³»°ú ±³½Ç »çÀü À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
    ¼³¸í
  • Adler's test
    ¾Æµé·¯ ½ÃÇè
    µ¿ÀǾî=benzidine test. º¥ÁöµòÀÇ ºùÃÊ»ê Æ÷È­ ¿ë¾×¿¡ °°Àº ¾çÀÇ 3% °ú»êÈ­¼ö¼Ò¿Í ÇÇ°Ë¾× 1 §¢¸¦ °¡ÇÏ¿© û»öÀÌ »ý±â¸é Ç÷¾×ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
  • adsorption test
    ÈíÂø ½ÃÇè
  • agglutination test
    ÀÀÁý ½ÃÇè
  • agglutinin absorption test
    ÀÀÁý¼Ò Èí¼ö ½ÃÇè
    ¸é¿ª Ç÷û Áß¿¡ ÇÔÀ¯µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀÀÁý¼Ò¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϰí, ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÀÁý¼Ò¸¸À» ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ´Â ÀÎÀÚ Ç÷ûÀ» ¸¸µå´Â ¹æ¹ý. ¸é¿ª Ç÷û¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀÀÁý¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀÁý¿ø
  • air test
    °ø±â ½ÃÇè
  • alkali denaturation test
    ¾ËÄ®¸® º¯¼º ½ÃÇè
    žƼº Çì¸ð±Û·ÎºóÀÇ ³óµµ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ºÐ±¤ºñ»ö¹ýÀ¸·Î, °¨µµ´Â ÁßÁ¤µµÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÃÇèÀº Çì¸ð±Û·Îºó ºÐÀÚ°¡ ¾ËÄ®¸®¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ±Û·Îºó ºÎºÐÀÇ º¯¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çì¸ð±Û·Îºó ºÐÀÚÀÇ ÀúÇ×µµ¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù.
  • Allen's test
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  • allergen test
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CancerWEB ¿µ¿µ ÀÇÇлçÀü À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
dinoflagellate toxin A potent neurotoxin that is thought to act similarly to botulinus toxin by impairing the synthesis or the release of acetylcholine.
(05 Mar 2000)
diphtheria toxin <protein> An ab exotoxin (62 kD) coded by _ corynephage of virulent Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains (that can produce a repressor of toxin production). The B subunit binds to receptors on the surface of the target cell and facilitates the entry of the enzymically active A subunit (21 kD) that ADP ribosylates elongation factor 2, thereby halting mRNA translation.
(18 Nov 1997)
intracellular toxin <protein> Heat stable polysaccharide like toxin bound to a bacterial cell. The term is used more specifically to refer to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. There are three parts to the molecule, the Lipid A (six fatty acid chains linked to two glucosamine residues), the core oligosaccharide (branched chain of ten sugars) and a variable length polysaccharide side chain (up to 40 sugar units in smooth forms) that can be removed without affecting the toxicity (rough LPS). Some endotoxin is probably released into the medium and endotoxin is responsible for many of the virulent effects of gram-negative bacteria.
(18 Nov 1997)
t-2 toxin <chemical> (3 alpha,4 beta,8 alpha)-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene-3,4,8,15-tetrol 4,15-diacetate 8-(3-methylbutanoate). A potent mycotoxin produced in feedstuffs by several species of the genus fusarium. It elicits a severe inflammatory reaction in animals and has teratogenic effects.
Chemical name: Trichothec-9-ene-3,4,8,15-tetrol, 12,13-epoxy-, 4,15-diacetate 8-(3-methylbutanoate), (3alpha,4beta,8alpha)-
(12 Dec 1998)
tetanus toxin <protein> Neurotoxin released by Clostridium tetani, becomes active when peptide cleaved proteolytically to heavy (100 kD) and light (50 kD) chains held together by disulphide bond. Heavy chain binds to disialogangliosides (GD2 and GD1b) and part of the peptide (the amino terminal B fragment) forms a pore: light chain is a zinc endopeptidase that specifically attacks synaptobrevin, to block neurotransmitters.
See: botulinum toxin
(18 Nov 1997)
toxin <pharmacology> A poison, frequently used to refer specifically to a protein produced by some higher plants, certain animals and pathogenic bacteria, which is highly toxic for other living organisms.
Such substances are differentiated from the simple chemical poisons and the vegetable alkaloids by their high molecular weight and antigenicity.
Origin: Gr toxikon = arrow poison, from Gr. Toxikos = of or for a bow
(18 Nov 1997)
toxin spectrum A figure in the form of a spectrum used by Ehrlich to represent the neutralizing power of antitoxin in the presence of toxin, toxone, etc.
(05 Mar 2000)
erythrogenic toxin <protein> Toxin produced by strains of Streptococcus pyogenes responsible for scarlet fever. Three antigenic variants of the toxin are known. It is a small protein that is complexed with hyaluronic acid and can intensify the effects of other toxins such as endotoxin and streptolysin O.
(18 Nov 1997)
extracellular toxin <protein> Toxin released from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as opposed to endotoxins that form part of the cell wall.
Examples are cholera, pertussis and diphtheria toxins. Usually specific and highly toxic.
(18 Nov 1997)
Abbe test plate <equipment> A long, wedge-shaped coverslip about 0.20 mm thick at one end and 0.10 to 0.12 mm at the other end coated chemically with a silver film on which are ruled horizontal lines.
at each variation in thickness of 0.01 mm there are vertical lines. By means of oblique illumination and by focusing on different portions of the plate, it is possible to determine the optimum coverslip thickness for any objective and also, for microscopes with drawtubes, the tube length for best objective performance. The approximate freedom from spherical and chromatic aberrations can also be estimated. Small isolated bits of silver near the edges of the lines form good objects for the star test
(05 Aug 1998)
acetone test A test for ketonuria; the suspected urine is shaken up with a few drops of sodium nitroprusside, and strong ammonia water is then gently poured over the mixture; if acetone is present, a magenta ring forms at the line of contact; tablets containing sodium nitroprusside and alkali are now more commonly used.
(05 Mar 2000)
achievement test A standardised test used to measure acquired learning, e.g., competence in a specific subject area such as reading or arithmetic, in contrast to an intelligence test which is a useful index of potential ability or learning.
(05 Mar 2000)
acidified serum test Lysis of the patient's red cells in acidified fresh serum, specific for paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.
Synonym: Ham's test.
(05 Mar 2000)
acid loading test <nephrology> This is a test used in the diagnosis of renal tubular acidosis. The patient takes ammonium chloride capsules for 3 days to acidify the blood (lower blood pH). A sample of the urine and the blood is then collected and the results are interpreted.
(27 Sep 1997)
acid perfusion test <gastroenterology, investigation> A test used to diagnosis gastrooesophageal reflux disease. This investigation requires that the patient swallow 3 tiny tubes into the stomach.
A mixture of hydrochloric acid (like stomach acid) and saline are alternatively injected into the tubes. The patient then reports any symptoms they may have. Some patients may vomit.
(13 Nov 1997)
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