| 영문 | facial nerve | 한글 | 얼굴신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 표정근을 지배하는 큰 운동신경과 작은 중간신경으로 구성된다. 좁은 의미의 얼굴신경과 중간신경으로 이루어지는 혼합신경이다. 속귀신경과 함께 속귓길로 들어가고 그 바닥에서 속귀신경과 갈라져 얼굴신경관으로 들어가, 거의 직각으로 구부러지는 부분을 얼굴신경무릎이라 하며, 여기에 무릎신경마디가 있다. |
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| 영문 | sural nerve | 한글 | 장딴지신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 안쪽장딴지피부신경 및 온장딴지신경의 교통지에서 시작하여 가쪽배쪽피부신경 및 가쪽발꿈치가지의 가지를 낸다. 넙다리 등쪽의 피부, 발꿈치와 발의 가쪽의 피부 및 관절에 분포하며, 일반 감각성 기능을 한다. |
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| 영문 | spinal nerve | 한글 | 척수신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 척수의 앞뿔에서 출발하는 운동신경과 뒷뿔으로 들어오는 감각신경이 합쳐서 형성되는 신경으로서 총 31쌍이 존재함. 목뼈신경이 8쌍, 자등뼈신경이 12쌍, 허리뼈의 신경이 5쌍, 엉치뼈의 6쌍을 이룸. |
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| 영문 | auditory nerve | 한글 | 청신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 귀에서 감지된 청각의 신호를 대뇌로 보내는 역할을 하는 신경. 달팽이신경라고 불리기도 한다. 그것은 소리를 전기적 신호로 바꾸어 신경으로 전달해 주는 달팽이의 집같이 생긴 기관을 달팽이라고 부르기 때문이다.  |
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| DEA | Dual Energy Absorptiometry |
|---|---|
| PEM | Protein-Energy Malnutrition = PCM; Protein Calorie Malnutrition |
| RMR | Resting Metabolic Rate = Resting Energy Expenditure |
| ADE | acute disseminated encephalitis; adverse drug event; antibody-dependent enhancement; apparent digest... |
| AE | above-elbow [amputation]; acrodermatitis enteropathica; activation energy; adult erythrocyte; advers... |
energetics
| primary energy | <radiobiology> Energy before conversion. For instance, the United States uses about 30,000 megajoules of electricity per capita per year, but electricity is generally obtained by converting other forms of energy (primarily chemical/heat) at an efficiency of around 30%, so the U.S. Consumes 90,000 megajoules of primary energy per capita for electrical use. (Total U.S. Primary energy consumption is 300,000 megajoules per capita.) (09 Oct 1997) |
|---|---|
| Helmholtz energy | Energy equivalent to the internal energy minus the entropy contribution (TS). (05 Mar 2000) |
| protein-energy malnutrition | The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses. (12 Dec 1998) |
| high energy bond | <chemistry> Chemical bonds that release more than 25kJ/mol on hydrolysis: their importance is that the energy can be used to transfer the hydrolysed residue to another compound. The risk in using the term is that students may think the bond itself is different in some way, whereas it is the compound that matters. Hydrolysis of creatine phosphate yields 42.7kJ/mol, of phosphoenolpyruvate, 53.2, ATP to ADP, 30.5: the latter is important because it shows that energetically the hydrolysis of creatine phosphate will suffice to reconstitute ATP, hence the use of creatine phosphate in muscle. (18 Nov 1997) |
| high energy compounds | Classically, a group of phosphoric esters whose hydrolysis takes place with a standard free energy change of -5 to -15 kcal/mol (or, -20 to -63 kJ/mol) (in contrast to -1 to -4 kcal/mol or, -4 to -17 kJ/mol) for simple phosphoric esters like glucose-6-phosphate or alpha-glycerophosphates), thus being capable of driving energy-consuming reactions in living cells or reconstituted cell-free systems; adenosine 5'-triphosphate, with respect to the beta-and gamma-phosphates, is the best known and is regarded as the immediate energy source for most metabolic syntheses. The general types are acid anhydrides, phosphoric esters of enols, phosphamic acid (R-NH-PO3H2) derivatives, acyl thioesters (e.g., of coenzyme A), sulfonium compound's (R3-S+), and aminoacyl esters of ribosyl moieties. See: high energy phosphates. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high energy particle generating unit | A machine capable of providing highly energised radiation for the purposes of radiotherapy treatment. (16 Dec 1997) |
| high energy phosphate bond | See: high energy phosphates. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high energy phosphates | Those phosphate's that, on hydrolysis, yield an unusually large amount of energy; e.g., nucleotide polyphosphates such as ATP, enol phosphate's such as phosphoenolpyruvate. See: high energy compounds. Synonym: energy-rich phosphates. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high-energy shock waves | Compression waves of large amplitude, across which density, pressure, and particle velocity change drastically. (12 Dec 1998) |
| psychic energy | In psychoanalysis, a hypothetical mental force, analogous to the physical concept of energy, which enables and vitalises an individual's psychological activity. See: libido. Synonym: psychic force. (05 Mar 2000) |
| short rotation energy plantation | Plantings established and managed under short-rotation intensive culture practices. (05 Dec 1998) |
| small scale energy loan program | (SELP) A low-cost loan and technical assistance program administered by the Oregon Department of Energy. (05 Dec 1998) |
| solar energy | Energy transmitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nuclear binding energy | <physics> The difference between the total energy (= mc^2) of the bound nucleus, and the energies of the individual constituent particles (= sum of masses c^2). The nuclear binding energy per nucleon is a maximum for iron. Fusion releases energy because light nuclei are less tightly bound than medium-weight nuclei, and thus energy is liberated when they become more tightly bound after fusing. Fission releases energy for the same reason - heavy nuclei are also less tightly bound than medium-weight nuclei, and energy is liberated when heavy nuclei split into lighter nuclei. (09 Oct 1997) |
| nuclear energy | Energy released by nuclear fission or nuclear fusion. (12 Dec 1998) |