| PRAS | pre-reduced anaerobically sterilized [medium]; pseudo-renal artery syndrome |
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| RA | radioactive; ragocyte; ragweed antigen; rapidly adapting [receptors]; reactive arthritis; reciprocal... |
| RAP | recurrent abdominal pain; regression-associated protein; renal artery pressure; resident assessment ... |
| RAS | rapid atrial stimulation; recurrent aphthous stomatitis; reflex activating stimulus; reliability, av... |
| SRA | segmental renal artery; serum renin activity; spleen repopulating activity |
| renal cell carcinoma | <oncology, tumour> The most common form of kidney cancer which occurs when the cells lining the renal tubule undergo cancerous changes. There are approximately 18,000 new cases of renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) per year in the U.S. With about 8,000 deaths annually. Smoking is considered a major risk factor. Kidney dialysis patients are at increased risk for the development of hypernephroma. Family history for renal cell carcinoma is also considered a risk factor. Symptoms include haematuria, flank pain, abdominal pain, back pain, weight loss and abdominal swelling. (27 Sep 1997) |
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| renal circulation | The circulation of the blood through the vessels of the kidney. (12 Dec 1998) |
| renal colic | Severe colicky pain caused by the impaction or passage of a calculus in the ureter or renal pelvis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| renal collar | In the embryo, a ring of veins around the aorta below the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. (05 Mar 2000) |
| renal columns | The prolongations of cortical substance separating the pyramids of the kidney. Synonym: columnae renales, Bertin's columns. (05 Mar 2000) |
| renal corpuscle | The tuft of glomerular capillaries and the capsula glomeruli that encloses it. Synonym: corpusculum renis, malpighian corpuscles. (05 Mar 2000) |
| renal cortex | The part of the kidney consisting of renal lobules in the outer zone beneath the capsule and also the lobules of the renal columns that are extensions inward between the pyramids; contains the renal corpuscles and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Synonym: cortex renis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| renal cortical adenoma | <tumour> One of the usually small adenoma's sometimes found in the renal cortex and derived from renal tubular tissue. (05 Mar 2000) |
| renal cortical lobule | One of the subdivisions of the kidney, consisting of a medullary ray and that portion of the convoluted port (renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules) associated with its collecting duct. Synonym: lobulus corticalis renalis, renal cortical lobule, renculus, reniculus, renunculus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| renal diabetes | The recurring or persistent excretion of glucose in the urine, in association with blood glucose levels that are in the normal range; results from the failure of proximal renal tubules to reabsorb glucose at a normal rate from the glomerular filtrate (low renal threshold); defect in the glucose carrier in the nephron. Synonym: diabetes innocens, normoglycaemic glycosuria, renal diabetes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| renal epistaxis | Haematuria occurring without a detectable lesion. (05 Mar 2000) |
| renal failure | Chronic renal failure represents a slow decline in kidney function over time. Chronic renal failure may be caused by a number of disorders which include long-standing hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, lupus or sickle cell anaemia. If renal function declines to a low enough level (end-stage renal disease) kidney dialysis may be necessary. A sudden decline in renal function may be triggered by a number of acute disease processes. Examples include sepsis (infection), shock, trauma, kidney stones, kidney infection, drug toxicity (aspirin or lithium), poisons or toxins (drug abuse) or after injection with an iodinated contrast dye (adverse effect). Both forms of renal failure result in a life-threatening metabolic derangement. (27 Sep 1997) |
| renal fascia | The condensation of the fibroareolar tissue and fat surrounding the kidney to form a sheath for the organ. Synonym: fascia renalis, Gerota's capsule, Gerota's fascia, perirenal fascia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| renal fibrocystic osteosis | renal rickets |
| renal ganglia | Small scattered sympathetic ganglia along the renal plexus. Synonym: ganglia renalia. (05 Mar 2000) |