| BEI | back-scattered electron imaging; biological exposure indexes; butanol-extractable iodine |
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| CDE | canine distemper encephalitis; chlordiazepoxide; color Doppler energy [imaging]; common duct explora... |
| CDI | cell-directed inhibitor; central or chronic diabetes insipidus; Children's Depression Inventory; col... |
| CFI | chemotactic-factor inactivator; closed-clenched fist injury; color flow imaging; complement fixation... |
| CMI | carbohydrate metabolism index; care management integration; case mix index; cell-mediated immunity; ... |
| inflammation: gallium imaging | <radiology> Pathophysiology: leakage of protein-bound Ga-67 into extracellular space secondary to increased capillary permeability, Ga-67 is preferentially bound to nonviable PMNs and macrophages, leukocyte incorporation (rich in lactoferrin), bacterial uptake (siderophores), inflammtory tissue stimulates lactoferrin production for chronic abdominal inflammation: 67% sensitivity; 64% specificity; 13% false negatives; 5% false positive, dose: 5 mCi; imaging: 24, 48, 72 hours, diffuse uptake in peritonitis, localised uptake in acute pyogenic abscess, phlegmon, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, acute gastritis, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, surgical wound, pyelonephritis, perinephric abscess see: gallium indications, gallium vs. Indium (12 Dec 1998) |
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| echo-planar imaging | A type of magnetic resonance imaging that uses only one nuclear spin excitation per image and therefore can obtain images in a fraction of a second rather than the minutes required in traditional mri techniques. It is used in a variety of medical and scientific applications. (12 Dec 1998) |
| through transfer imaging | The production of an ultrasound image by detection and analysis of sound on the opposite side of the body from the emitting transducer. Synonym: through transfer imaging. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thyroid imaging | <radiology> Tc-99m pertechnetate 6 mCi, I-123 sodium iodide 200 - 400 uCi PO (12 Dec 1998) |
| transfer imaging | The production of an ultrasound image by detection and analysis of sound on the opposite side of the body from the emitting transducer. Synonym: through transfer imaging. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ultrasound imaging | <investigation, procedure> A technique in which high-frequency sound waves are bounced off internal organs and the echo pattern is converted into a 2 dimensional picture of the structures beneath the transducer. (12 May 1997) |
| kidney: gallium imaging | <radiology> 10-20% of Ga-67 excreted via GU tract; no renal activity after 24hrs abnormal uptake (images at 48-72 hrs): tumour, primary renal tumour (variable uptake), lymphoma/leukaemia, metastases (e.g., melanoma), inflammation, acute pyelonephritis (88% sensitivity); abscess, lobar nephroma, others, collagen vascular disease, vasculitis, Wegener granulomatosis, amyloidosis, haemochromatosis, hepatic failure, antineoplastic drugs, transplant rejection: acute, chronic, ATN see also: gallium: indications (12 Dec 1998) |
| liver metastases: ultrasound imaging | <radiology> Echogenic (25%), colonic carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, treated breast carcinoma mixed echogenicity (37.5%), breast carcinoma, rectal carcinoma, lung carcinoma, stomach carcinoma, anaplastic cancer, cervical carcinoma, carcinoid hypoechoic (37.5%), lymphoma, pancreatic carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, lung carcinoma (adenocarcinoma), nasopharyngeal carcinoma see: liver metastases (12 Dec 1998) |
| lung: gallium imaging | <radiology> Scans at 48 hrs because 50% of normals show activity at 24 hrs, focal uptake, primary pulmonary malignancy, benign disorder: granuloma, abscess, pneumonia, silicosis, multifocal/diffuse uptake, infection, TB: active lesion, miliary TB, rapidly progressive TB pneumonia, PCP: unimpressive symptoms and CXR, CMV, inflammation: sarcoid, interstitial lung disease (pneumoconiosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lymphangitic carcinomatosis), radiation pneumonitis, drugs: bleomycin, amiodarone, contrast lymphangiography (in 50%) see: gallium: indications, uptake with normal chest film (12 Dec 1998) |
| accelerated phase of leukaemia | Refers to chronic myelogenous leukaemia that is progressing. The number of immature, abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow and blood is higher than in the chronic phase, but not as high as in the blast phase. (12 Dec 1998) |
| acceleration phase | <cell biology, cell culture> A period of increasing growth before the log phase in a culture of microbes. After the culture is started on a medium, at first there is no growth (the lag phase) and then the microbes start to gradually grow (acceleration phase) until they reach a constant maximum rate of growth (log phase). (15 Jan 1998) |
| acute-phase protein | <haematology> These plasma proteins (in addition to fibrinogen) increase 25% or more in response to inflammation and injury are under direct control of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (hepatocyte-stimulating factor). Other proteins which increase are ceruloplasmin, C3 and C4 which increase 50% or more; alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, alpha-1 antitrypsin, haptoglobin and fibrinogen (the major determinant of viscosity 1 ) which increase two- to fourfold; C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A which increase several hundred-fold. Despite long-held clinical opinion to the contrary, available data indicate that neither ESR nor measurement of specific acute-phase reactants are useful in excluding underlying infection or inflammation regardless of the pretest probability. These proteins are secreted into the blood in increased or decreased quantities by hepatocytes in response to trauma, inflammation, or disease. They can serve as inhibitors or mediators of the inflammatory processes. Certain acute-phase proteins have been used to diagnose and follow the course of diseases or as tumour markers. See also: amyloid, c-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, viscosity. (25 Jun 1999) |
| acute-phase reaction | <immunology, rheumatology> Refers to the changes in synthesis of certain proteins within the serum during an inflammatory response, which provides rapid protection for the host against microorganisms via non-specific defense mechanisms. It consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma; the reaction is mediated by endogenous pyrogens, the hypothalamus, adrenal hormones, and other factors. (12 Jul 2000) |
| anal phase | In psychoanalytic personality theory, the stage of psychosexual development, occurring when a child is between 1 and 3 years, during which activities, interests, and concerns are centreed around the anal zone. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aqueous phase | The water portion of a system consisting of two liquid phase's, one mainly water, the other a liquid immiscible with water (e.g., benzene, ether). (05 Mar 2000) |